Effect of Infill Density and Raster Angle on the Flexural Properties of FDM-Printed PLA+ Specimens
Abstract
In this study, the effects of raster angle and infill density on the flexural properties of PLA+ specimens fabricated by the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process were investigated. A three-point bending test was conducted according to the ASTM D790 standard to evaluate the flexural strength and flexural modulus. Two different raster angles (0° and 90°) and three infill densities (20%, 50%, and 100%) were selected to examine the mechanical behavior of the samples under bending loads. The specimen with 100% infill density exhibited the highest flexural strength of 101.82 MPa, which was approximately 30% higher than those of the 20% and 50% infill specimens. This enhancement is attributed to the reduced porosity and improved interlayer bonding, which allowed for more effective stress transfer under bending conditions. The influence of raster angle became more pronounced at higher infill densities. The sample with a 0° raster angle demonstrated approximately 6.9% higher flexural strength and 14% higher flexural modulus compared to the 90° raster angle sample at 100% infill density.
Keywords
3D , FDM , PLA+ , Raster Angle
Kaynakça
- Rajpurohit SR, Dave HK. Flexural strength of fused filament fabricated (FFF) PLA parts on an open-source 3D printer. Advances in Manufacturing. 2018;6:430-41.
- Özdogan S, Meram A, Çetin ME. Manufacturing parameters' effects on the flexural properties of 3D-printed PLA. Materials Testing. 2025;67:811-20.
- Boztepe MH. A Study on the Mechanical Properties of PLA+ Samples Manufactured Using 3d Printing with Different Raster Angles. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;28:923-32.
- Subramaniyan M, Karuppan S. Mechanical properties of sandwich products obtained by 3D printing from PLA-PLA/Al2O3. Polimery. 2023;68:646-51.
- Koç OO, Meram A, Çetin ME, Öztürk S. Acoustic properties of ABS and PLA parts produced by additive manufacturing using different printing parameters. Materials Testing. 2024;66:705-14.
- Lin S, Guo WN, Chen CY, Ma JL, Wang BB. Mechanical properties and morphology of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends compatibilized by transesterification. Materials & Design. 2012;36:604-8.
- Meram A, Sözen B. Experimental investigation on the effect of printing parameters on the impact response of thin-walled tubes produced by additive manufacturing method. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2023;28:32-45.
- Khan SF, Zakaria H, Chong YL, Saad MAM, Basaruddin K, Iop. Effect of infill on tensile and flexural strength of 3D printed PLA parts. International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing and Industry Applications (ICAMIA). Kuching, MALAYSIA2018.
- Atahan MG, Apalak MK. Loading-rate effect on tensile and bending strength of 3D-printed polylactic acid adhesively bonded joints. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2022;36:317-44.
- Atakok G, Kam M, Koc HB. Tensile, three-point bending and impact strength of 3D printed parts using PLA and recycled PLA filaments: A statistical investigation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&T. 2022;18:1542-54.