Impact of Teaching Cohesive Devices on L2 Students’ Language Accuracy in Written Production
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 16 - 28, 28.06.2018
Mohammad Nasim Tahsildar
,
Zailin Shah Yusoff
Öz
A well-written text is not only grammatical, but also cohesive and coherent. Cohesive devices play the most basic role in cohesion of a text and should be taken into consideration in teaching writing. This paper reports on a study investigating the impact of teaching academic text cohesive devices on L2 students’ language accuracy in written production. The main objective of the study is to find out if teaching cohesive devices would enhance students’ prior knowledge and subsequently result in increased written language accuracy. Based on a pre-post-test research design, 40 students enrolled in English for Academic Purposes course at a university in Malaysia were engaged as participants. A note-taking test was conducted prior to and post intervention. The intervention consisted of lessons on academic text cohesive devices. The data was then analysed and reported using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. From the findings, it is clear that there is an increase in the minimum and maximum scores as well as in the mean scores between the pre- and post-test. More importantly, there is evidently a significant improvement in the participants’ post-test language accuracy as evaluated through number of error-free t-units. In sum, the teaching of academic text cohesive devices does have a significant impact on language accuracy in written production. Hence, this study recommends L2 learners’ prior knowledge activation to enhance written language accuracy.
Kaynakça
- Aidinlou, N. (2012). The Effect of Discourse Markers Instruction on EFL Learners’ Writing. World Journal of Education. 2 (2), 10-16.Altenberg, B. & Tapper, M. (1998). The Use of Adverbial Connectors in Advanced Swedish Learners’ Written English. Learner English on computer. 80–93.
- Bell, J. (2010). Doing your research project: a guide for first-time researchers in education, health and social science. 5th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, UK: Longman
- Blakemore, D. (2002). Relevance and linguistic meaning: The semantics and pragmatics of discourse markers. Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York.Brown, G., & George, Y. (1983). Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Castro, C. (2004). Cohesion and the Social Construction of Meaning in the Essays of Filipino College Students Writing in L2 English. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5 (2), 215-225.Cosku, E. (2011). Cohesion in Compositions of Turkish and Immigrant Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 11(2), 892-899.
- Dorn, L. J. & Suffos, C. (2005). Teaching for Deep Comprehension: A reading workshop approach. Portland: Stenhouse Publishers.Emad, A. (2014). Discourse Markers in ESL Personal Narrative and Argumentative Papers: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 4 (4), 294-305.
- Emmanuel, C. (2013). An Analysis Of Discourse Markers In Academic Report Writing: Pedagogical Implications. International Journal of Academic Research And Reflection. 1 (3), 15-24.Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
- Hinkle, D. (2001). Matters of Cohesion in L2 Academic Texts. Applied Language Learning. 12 (2), 111-132.Housen, A. (2009). Complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language acquisition. FGw: Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC)
- Izumi, S. (2002). Output, Input Enhancement, and the Noticing Hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 24, 541-577.Jalilifar, A. (2008). Discourse Markers in Composition Writings: The Case of Iranian Learners of English as a Foreign Language. English Language Teaching. 1 (2), 114-122.
- James, C. (1998). Errors in Language Learning and Use: Exploring Error Analysis. London: Longman.Lennon, P. (1990). ‘Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach.’ Language Learning 40: 387-417.
- Liu, M., & Braine, G. (2005). Cohesive Features in Argumentative Writing Produced by Chinese Undergraduates. System, 33, 623-636.Liu, D. (2008). Linking adverbials: An Across-register Corpus Study and its Implications. International journal of corpus linguistics, 13(4), 491-518.
- Mackey, A. & Gass, M. S. (2005). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design. Georgetown Universtiy and Michigan State University. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.Mckay, D. (2007). Revisiting Cohesive Devices in Academic L2 English Writing: What do Successful Writers Use? Classroom Research: Castle Sinicrope SLS-672
- Mikhchi, H. (2011). Standards of Textuality: Rendering English and Persian Texts based on Textual Mode. Journal of Universal Language. 12 (1), 47-74.Narita, M., Sato, C., & Sugiura, M. (2004). Connector usage in the English essay writing of Japanese EFL Learners. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.
- Pander, H. & Sander, T. (2006). Cohesion and Coherence: Linguistic Approaches. Utretcht Institute of Linguistics, OTC. Utretcht University. The Netherlands.Polio, C. (1997). Measures of Linguistic Accuracy in Second Language Writing Research. Language Learning, 47 (1), 101-143.
- Peacock, M. (2010). Linking Adverbials in Research Articles Across Eight Disciplines. Iberica, 20, 9-34Quirk, R. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
- Rahim, F. & Riasati, M. J. (2011). The Effect of Reformulation on Noticing and Subsequent Writing Development. World Applied Sciences Journal. 13 (6), 1324-1328.Samaeel, A. & Kashani, F. (2011). The Effect of Task Complexity on EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing Task Performance. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning. 8, 1- 28.
- Seliger, H. & Shohamy, E. (1989). Second Language Research Methods. Oxford University Press.Shea, M. (2009). A Corpus-based Study of Adverbial Connectors in Learner Text. MSU Working Papers in SLS, 1 (1), 1-30.
- Simcikaite, A. (2012). Spoken Discourse Markers in Learner Academic Writing. Studies About Languages. 20, 27-34.Tavakoli, M. & Rasekh, A. (2011). The Role of Task Type in Foreign Language Written Production: Focusing on Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy. International Education Studies. 4 (2), 169-176.
- Wolfe-Quintero, K., S. Inagaki & H.-Y. Kim. (1998). Second Language Development in Writing: Measures of Fluency, Accuracy, and Complexity. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.Zhang, A. (2000). Use of Cohesive Ties in Relation to the Quality of Compositions by Chinese College Students. Lanzhou University of Technology, China. 5, 79-86
Impact of Teaching Cohesive Devices on L2 Students’ Language Accuracy in Written Production
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 16 - 28, 28.06.2018
Mohammad Nasim Tahsildar
,
Zailin Shah Yusoff
Öz
A well-written text is not only grammatical, but also cohesive and coherent. Cohesive devices play the most basic role in cohesion of a text and should be taken into consideration in teaching writing. This paper reports on a study investigating the impact of teaching academic text cohesive devices on L2 students’ language accuracy in written production. The main objective of the study is to find out if teaching cohesive devices would enhance students’ prior knowledge and subsequently result in increased written language accuracy. Based on a pre-post-test research design, 40 students enrolled in English for Academic Purposes course at a university in Malaysia were engaged as participants. A note-taking test was conducted prior to and post intervention. The intervention consisted of lessons on academic text cohesive devices. The data was then analysed and reported using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. From the findings, it is clear that there is an increase in the minimum and maximum scores as well as in the mean scores between the pre- and post-test. More importantly, there is evidently a significant improvement in the participants’ post-test language accuracy as evaluated through number of error-free t-units. In sum, the teaching of academic text cohesive devices does have a significant impact on language accuracy in written production. Hence, this study recommends L2 learners’ prior knowledge activation to enhance written language accuracy.
Kaynakça
- Aidinlou, N. (2012). The Effect of Discourse Markers Instruction on EFL Learners’ Writing. World Journal of Education. 2 (2), 10-16.Altenberg, B. & Tapper, M. (1998). The Use of Adverbial Connectors in Advanced Swedish Learners’ Written English. Learner English on computer. 80–93.
- Bell, J. (2010). Doing your research project: a guide for first-time researchers in education, health and social science. 5th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, UK: Longman
- Blakemore, D. (2002). Relevance and linguistic meaning: The semantics and pragmatics of discourse markers. Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York.Brown, G., & George, Y. (1983). Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Castro, C. (2004). Cohesion and the Social Construction of Meaning in the Essays of Filipino College Students Writing in L2 English. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5 (2), 215-225.Cosku, E. (2011). Cohesion in Compositions of Turkish and Immigrant Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 11(2), 892-899.
- Dorn, L. J. & Suffos, C. (2005). Teaching for Deep Comprehension: A reading workshop approach. Portland: Stenhouse Publishers.Emad, A. (2014). Discourse Markers in ESL Personal Narrative and Argumentative Papers: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 4 (4), 294-305.
- Emmanuel, C. (2013). An Analysis Of Discourse Markers In Academic Report Writing: Pedagogical Implications. International Journal of Academic Research And Reflection. 1 (3), 15-24.Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
- Hinkle, D. (2001). Matters of Cohesion in L2 Academic Texts. Applied Language Learning. 12 (2), 111-132.Housen, A. (2009). Complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language acquisition. FGw: Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC)
- Izumi, S. (2002). Output, Input Enhancement, and the Noticing Hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 24, 541-577.Jalilifar, A. (2008). Discourse Markers in Composition Writings: The Case of Iranian Learners of English as a Foreign Language. English Language Teaching. 1 (2), 114-122.
- James, C. (1998). Errors in Language Learning and Use: Exploring Error Analysis. London: Longman.Lennon, P. (1990). ‘Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach.’ Language Learning 40: 387-417.
- Liu, M., & Braine, G. (2005). Cohesive Features in Argumentative Writing Produced by Chinese Undergraduates. System, 33, 623-636.Liu, D. (2008). Linking adverbials: An Across-register Corpus Study and its Implications. International journal of corpus linguistics, 13(4), 491-518.
- Mackey, A. & Gass, M. S. (2005). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design. Georgetown Universtiy and Michigan State University. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.Mckay, D. (2007). Revisiting Cohesive Devices in Academic L2 English Writing: What do Successful Writers Use? Classroom Research: Castle Sinicrope SLS-672
- Mikhchi, H. (2011). Standards of Textuality: Rendering English and Persian Texts based on Textual Mode. Journal of Universal Language. 12 (1), 47-74.Narita, M., Sato, C., & Sugiura, M. (2004). Connector usage in the English essay writing of Japanese EFL Learners. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.
- Pander, H. & Sander, T. (2006). Cohesion and Coherence: Linguistic Approaches. Utretcht Institute of Linguistics, OTC. Utretcht University. The Netherlands.Polio, C. (1997). Measures of Linguistic Accuracy in Second Language Writing Research. Language Learning, 47 (1), 101-143.
- Peacock, M. (2010). Linking Adverbials in Research Articles Across Eight Disciplines. Iberica, 20, 9-34Quirk, R. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
- Rahim, F. & Riasati, M. J. (2011). The Effect of Reformulation on Noticing and Subsequent Writing Development. World Applied Sciences Journal. 13 (6), 1324-1328.Samaeel, A. & Kashani, F. (2011). The Effect of Task Complexity on EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing Task Performance. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning. 8, 1- 28.
- Seliger, H. & Shohamy, E. (1989). Second Language Research Methods. Oxford University Press.Shea, M. (2009). A Corpus-based Study of Adverbial Connectors in Learner Text. MSU Working Papers in SLS, 1 (1), 1-30.
- Simcikaite, A. (2012). Spoken Discourse Markers in Learner Academic Writing. Studies About Languages. 20, 27-34.Tavakoli, M. & Rasekh, A. (2011). The Role of Task Type in Foreign Language Written Production: Focusing on Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy. International Education Studies. 4 (2), 169-176.
- Wolfe-Quintero, K., S. Inagaki & H.-Y. Kim. (1998). Second Language Development in Writing: Measures of Fluency, Accuracy, and Complexity. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.Zhang, A. (2000). Use of Cohesive Ties in Relation to the Quality of Compositions by Chinese College Students. Lanzhou University of Technology, China. 5, 79-86