WHY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE MATTERS FOR AFRICA: CRISES, LESSONS AND SETTING THE POLITICAL AGENDA FOR POST-WESTERN ORDER

Yıl 2022, , 17 - 39, 06.12.2022

Billy Nyadera , Uğur Yasin Asal

https://doi.org/10.33722/afes.1141453

Öz

Using Africa’s experience during the 2008 global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic, this study explores how the peripheral positions of Africa in global governance has disproportionately exposed the continent to inordinate impacts of global crises and argues for an increased role for Africa in global governance. A common Africa position premised on the AU is advanced as capable of providing the continent with adequate impetus to shape global affairs by espousing unified position of Africa in multilateral platforms. This study reiterates that developing such an expanded role that can shape global responses to issues such as reforms in the UNSC, international aid regime, climate change, debt management, global trade, and global economic governance, the continent should adopt common position and leverage its continental frameworks such as AfCFTA and the AfDB to unlock its economic capacity which is the foundation upon which contemporary political influence in global affairs is premised.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Africa, Global governance, Crises, AfCFTA, CAP

Kaynakça

• Achoki, T., Alam, U., Were, L., Gebremedhin, T., Senkubuge, F., Lesego, A., ... & Kinfu, Y. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent: forecasts of cumulative cases, new infections, and mortality. MedRxiv.
• Akhmadeev, R. G., Bykanova, O. A., Philippova, N. V., Vashchekina, I. V., & Turishcheva, T. B. (2018). Macroeconomic Indicators and their Impact on the Foreign Debt Burden: The Case of BRICS Countries. International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), 6(2), 68-82.
• Anyanwu, O. J. (2011). The impact of the global financial crisis on sub-Saharan Africa. Pepperdine Policy Review, 4(1), 6.
• Bargain, O., & Aminjonov, U. (2021). Poverty and COVID-19 in Africa and Latin America. World development, 142, 105422.
• Brealey, R. (2009). Impact of the crisis on African economies–sustaining growth and poverty reduction. African Perspectives and Recommendations to the G20. Abidjan. Caballero, R. J., Farhi, E., & Gourinchas, P. O. (2008). Financial crash, commodity prices and global imbalances (No. w14521). National Bureau of Economic Research.
• Crotty, J. (2009). Structural causes of the global financial crisis: a critical assessment of the ‘new financial architecture’. Cambridge journal of economics, 33(4), 563-580.
• Domínguez, J. I. (2010). The Changes in the International System during the 2000s. In Contemporary US-Latin American Relations (pp. 21-36). Routledge. Gilley, B., & O'Neil, A. (Eds.). (2014). Middle powers and the rise of China. Georgetown University Press.
• Gök, G. O., & Karadeniz, R. F. (2020). Emerging Middle Powers (MIKTA) in Global Political Economy: Preferences, Capabilities, and Their Limitations. In Turkey’s Political Economy in the 21st Century (pp. 163-194). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• Economic Commission for Africa. (2010). Economic Report on Africa 2010: Promoting Highlevel Sustainable Growth to Reduce Unemployment in Africa. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=452&menu=35 Engle, R. (2018). Systemic risk 10 years later. Annual Review of Financial Economics.
• Evans, M. V., Garchitorena, A., Rakotonanahary, R. J., Drake, J. M., Andriamihaja, B., Rajaonarifara, E., ... & Rakotonirina, J. (2020). Reconciling model predictions with low reported cases of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: insights from Madagascar. Global Health Action, 13(1), 1816044.
• Ferguson, N., & Moyo, D. (2019). Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working And How There Is A Better Way For Africa (p. 188). Tantor Audio.
• Fosu, A. K., & Naudé, W. (2009). The global economic crisis: towards syndrome-free recovery for Africa (No. 2009/03). WIDER Discussion Paper.
• Friedman, J., & Schady, N. (2013). How many infants likely died in Africa as a result of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis? Health Economics, 22(5), 611-622.
• Global Commission on the Economy and Climate. (2018). Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times. Washington D.C.: New Climate Economy.
• Huay, C. S., & Bani, Y. (2018). Remittances, poverty and human capital: evidence from developing countries. International Journal of Social Economics.
• Human Rights Watch. (30 January 2020). China: Respect Rights in Coronavirus Response- Stop Censorship, Respect Freedom of Movement, Address Discrimination. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/30/china-respect-rights-coronavirus-response
• International Monetary Fund (IMF). (26 May 2021). IMF Members' Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors. https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx
• Institute of Policy Studies (2008). Skewed Priorities: How the Bailouts Dwarf Other Global Crisis Spending. https://ips-dc.org/skewed_priorities/ John Hopkins University. (22 May 2021). Mapping out Covid-19: Africa. https://covid19africawatch.org/data-and-charts/
• Kao, W. S., Kao, T. C., Changchien, C. C., Wang, L. H., & Yeh, K. T. (2018). Contagion in international stock markets after the subprime mortgage crisis. The Chinese Economy, 51(2), 130-153.
• Kingdon, J. W., & Stano, E. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (Vol. 45, pp. 165-169). Boston: Little, Brown.
• Kompas, T., Pham, V. H., & Che, T. N. (2018). The effects of climate change on GDP by country and the global economic gains from complying with the Paris climate accord. Earth's Future, 6(8), 1153-1173.
• Le, T. T., Andreadakis, Z., Kumar, A., Román, R. G., Tollefsen, S., Saville, M., & Mayhew, S. (2020). The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 19(5), 305-306.
• Masron, T. A., & Subramaniam, Y. (2018). Remittance and poverty in developing countries. International Journal of Development Issues, 17(3), 305-325.
• Moyo, D. (2009). Dead aid: Why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa. Macmillan.
• Nkengasong, J. (2020). Let Africa into the market for COVID-19 diagnostics. Nature, 565-565.
• Mutize, M., & Nkhalamba, M. P. (2020). A comparative study of economic growth as a key determinant of sovereign credit ratings in Africa. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
• Nwankwo, C. M., & Ajibo, C. C. (2020). Liberalizing Regional Trade Regimes Through AfCFTA: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of African Law, 64(3), 297-318.
• Nyadera, I. N., Wandwkha, B., & Agwanda, B. (2021). Not the time to take chances! Why African Governments’ response to COVID 19 matters. Global Social Welfare, 8(2), 137-140.
• Nyerere, J. K. (1974). Man and development. Oxford University Press.
• OECD. (2020) Development Matters: COVID-19 has pushed extreme poverty numbers in Africa to over half a billion. Accessed https://oecd-development-matters.org/2020/10/12/covid-19-has-pushed-extreme-poverty-numbers-in-africa-to-over-half-a billion/#:~:text=While%20poverty%20rates%20had%20been,to%20nearly%20520%20million%20Africans.
• Oxford Analytica. (2018). Thirst for African Eurobonds belies higher credit risk. Emerald Expert Briefings, (oxan-db).
• Ozili, P. (2020). COVID-19 in Africa: socio-economic impact, policy response and opportunities. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Permanent Mission of the Republic of Namibia to the UN. (2020). Statement by H.E. Mr. Neville Gertze, Accessed from: https://www.un.int/namibia/sites/www.un.int/files/Namibia/Statements/UNGA74STATEMENTS/SECURITY_COUNCIL_STATEMENTS/ign_statement_4-5_march_2020_final_ga74.pdf
• Plamondon, K. M., & Bisung, E. (2019). The CCGHR Principles for Global Health Research: Centering equity in research, knowledge translation, and practice. Social Science & Medicine, 239, 112530.
• Ratha, D. (2013). The impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction. Policy Brief, 8(1), 1-13.
• Regilme Jr, S. S. F. (2019). The decline of American power and Donald Trump: Reflections on human rights, neoliberalism, and the world order. Geoforum, 102, 157-166.
• Sanny, J. A. N., & Selormey, E. (2020). Africans Regard China's Influence as Significant and Positive, but Slipping.
• Schwab, S. C. (2011). After Doha: why the negotiations are doomed and what we should do about it. Foreign affairs, 104-117.
• Sibanda Sr, O. S. (2021). The Advent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement as a Tool for Development. Foreign Trade Review, 56(2), 216-224.
• The Conversation. (20 February, 2020). African countries aren’t borrowing too much: they’re paying too much for debt. Accessed from: https://theconversation.com/african-countries-arent-borrowing-too-much-theyre-paying-too-much-for-debt-131053
• Vachon, T. E., Wallace, M., & Hyde, A. (2016). Union decline in a neoliberal age: Globalization, financialization, European integration, and union density in 18 affluent democracies. Socius, 2, 2378023116656847.
• Verter, N. (2017). International trade: the position of Africa in global merchandise trade. Emerging issues in economics and development, 64-89.
• Vidal, G., & Marshall, W. C. (2019). The Double Movement Ten Years After the Fall of Lehman Brothers. Journal of Economic Issues, 53(2), 502-507.
• Wagle, U. R., & Devkota, S. (2018). The impact of foreign remittances on poverty in Nepal: A panel study of household survey data, 1996–2011. World Development, 110, 38-50.
• Watkins, J. (2020). Preventing a covid-19 pandemic. British Medical Journal.
• World Bank. (3 February, 2020). How much should Sub-Saharan African countries adjust to curb the increase in public debt? Accessed from: https://blogs.worldbank.org/africacan/how-much-should-sub-saharan-african-countries-adjust-curb-increase-public-debt World Bank. (27 July 2020). The African Continental Free Trade Area. Accessed from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/publication/the-african-continental-free-trade-area
• World Economic Forum (2018). Africa’s fastest-growing cities are the most vulnerable to climate change globally. Accessed from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/africa-s-fastest-growing-cities-are-the-most-vulnerable-to-climate-change-globally
• World Trade Organization (WTO). Merchandise Exports by product group dataset. Available at https://data.wto.org/