Lumumba’nın Pan-Afrikanizm Vizyonu: Sahra-Altı Afrika’da Radikal Birleşme Fikri ve Pratikteki Engeller

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 42 - 56, 29.01.2026

Ali Kiriktaş

https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1769833

https://izlik.org/JA57MS99ER

Öz

1925 doğumlu Lumumba, Belçika’nın baskıcı sömürge yönetimine karşı Pan-Afrikanist mücadele yürütmüş, 1960 yılında Kongo’nun ilk demokratik seçilmiş başbakanı olmuştur. Ancak, bağımsızlık sonrasında yaşanan siyasi kriz, ülkenin iç bölünmeleri, doğal kaynakların sömürülmesi ve dış güçlerin müdahaleleri nedeniyle Lumumba’nın önemi daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Patrice Lumumba’nın Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nin bağımsızlık mücadelesindeki rolünü, liderliğinin getirdiği siyasi dönüşümleri ve uluslararası müdahalelerin etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada, tarihsel belgeler ve siyasi söylemlere dayalı nitel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, Lumumba’nın merkeziyetçi politikalarının, Devlet Başkanı Joseph Kasa-Vubu ve General Joseph Mobutu ile ciddi çatışmalara yol açtığını ortaya koymaktadır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Sovyetler Birliği’nden destek talep etmesi, ABD ve Belçika tarafından “komünist tehdit” olarak algılanmış, bu durum onun devrilmesi için zemin hazırlamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Lumumba 1960’da görevden alınmış, Mobutu darbesiyle tutuklanmış ve 17 Ocak 1961’de infaz edilmiştir. Bu olaylar, Afrika’daki bağımsızlık hareketleri için belirleyici bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bu çalışma, post-sömürge yapıların yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve doğal kaynakların adil paylaşımına yönelik reform önerilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından da önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, Lumumba’nın vizyonunun, bugünün siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlarına ışık tutabileceğini göstermelidir. Öneriler, tarihsel tecrübelerin ışığında kesinlikle sunulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Patrice Lumumba , Kongo Bağımsızlık Mücadelesi , Emperyalizm ve Neokolonyalizm , Soğuk Savaş ve Afrika , Katanga Ayrılıkçılığı.

LUMUMBA’S PAN-AFRICANIST VISION: THE IDEA OF RADICAL UNITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND PRACTICAL OBSTACLES

https://izlik.org/JA57MS99ER

Öz

Born in 1925, Lumumba led a Pan-Africanist struggle against the oppressive Belgian colonial rule and became Congo's first democratically elected prime minister in 1960. However, Lumumba's importance has become more apparent due to the political crisis after independence, internal divisions in the country, exploitation of natural resources and interventions by foreign powers. The aim of this study is to analyse the role of Patrice Lumumba in the struggle for independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the political transformations brought about by his leadership and the effects of international interventions. The study utilises qualitative methods based on historical documents and political discourses. The findings reveal that Lumumba's centralist policies led to serious conflicts with President Joseph Kasa-Vubu and General Joseph Mobutu. His request for support from the Soviet Union during the Cold War period was perceived as a ‘communist threat’ by the US and Belgium, which paved the way for his overthrow. As a result, Lumumba was removed from office in 1960, arrested by the Mobutu coup and executed on 17 January 1961. These events marked a decisive turning point for independence movements in Africa. This study also provides important clues for the re-evaluation of post-colonial structures and the development of reform proposals for the equitable distribution of natural resources. Future research should show that Lumumba's vision can shed light on today's political and economic problems. Recommendations should certainly be presented in the light of historical experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Patrice Lumumba , Congolese struggle for independence , Imperialism and neocolonialism , Cold War and Africa , Katanga separatism.

Kaynakça

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