Araştırma Makalesi
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ÇİN’İN AFRİKA PARAMETRELERİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 87 - 102, 30.01.2021

Öz

Sömürgecilik döneminde olduğu gibi, günümüzde de Afrika küresel güçlerin dikkatlerinin merkezinde yer
almaktadır. Bu küresel güçlerden birisi olan Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti için Afrika’ya yönelik dış politika gündemi,
gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasındaki işbirliğini geliştirme ve yükselen bir süper güç olarak statüsünü gösterme
çabasının bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Çin’in Afrika’ya olan ilgisi, 1949’dan günümüze hızlı bir şekilde
artmaktadır. Çin-Afrika İşbirliği Forumu’nun (FOCAC) 21. yüzyılın ardından başlatılması, Afrika Devlet ve
Hükümet Başkanlarının Foruma giderek artan katılımı, Çin’in Afrika ülkeleri ile ortaklığının ne kadar güçlendiğini
gösteren kanıtlardan biridir. “Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi” ile Afrika’ya yönelik ekonomik hedeflerini destekleyerek
Afrika bağlantısının sağlanmaktadır. Çin’in bu girişimi, Pekin’in jeopolitik çıkarlarını ileriye taşıyarak Afrika
ülkeleri ve Çin arasında ekonomik, siyasi ve güvenlik bağlarını iç içe geçirmektedir. İkili ekonomik ilişkilerde bazı
Afrika ülkeleri Çin menşeli yatırımlara bağımlı hâle gelirken, Afrika ile işbirliği Çin’in denizaşırı faaliyetlerinin
küçük bir parçası olması ilişkileri asimetrik kılmaktadır. Çin, Afrika’daki ve daha geniş dünyadaki stratejik
hedeflerini ilerletmek için askeri angajmanını kullanmaktadır. Askeri faaliyetleri, bölgedeki daha geniş hedeflerinin
bir parçasıdır. Pekin’in Afrikalı ortaklara yaptığı güvenlik yardımı karşılıklı fayda sağlayacak ve denizaşırı
çıkarlarını koruyacak şekilde çerçevelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, günümüzde Çin’in Afrika’ya yönelik politikalarını,
Batılı güçlerin egemenliğine karşı stratejik ortaklıklar kurarak bu kıtada etkinliğini artırma isteği
yönlendirmektedir. Bu ortaklığı sağlamlaştırma çalışmaları devam ederken, bu açıdan bakıldığında önümüzdeki
yıllarda daha fazla zorluk ve fırsat olacaktır. Yapmış olduğumuz çalışma ile Pekin’in ekonomik, ideolojik, politik
ve güvenlik çıkarlarına dayalı dört kollu dış politika yaklaşımının, Çin-Afrika ilişkilerini nasıl yönlendirdiğini
irdeleyeceğiz.

Kaynakça

  • Alden, C. (2019). China in Africa. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy.
  • Alden, C., & Large, D. (2016). China’s Evolving Policy towards Peace and Security in Africa:Constructing a new paradigm for peace building? M. G. Berhe, & L. Hongwu içinde, Chine-Africa Relation Governance, Peace and Security.
  • Anthony, R. (2013). China’s Global Role in the East African Oil and Gas Bonanza. M. G. Berhe, & L. Hongwu içinde, Chine-Africa Relations: Governance, Peace And Security (s. 114-130).
  • Batchelor, K., & Zhang, X. (2007). China-Africa Relations: Building Images Through Cultural Co-operation, Media Representation and on the Ground Activities. Routledge.
  • Becard, D., & Filho, P. (2019). Chinese Cultural Diplomacy: instruments in China’s strategy for international insertion in the 21st Century. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 62(1).
  • Brautigam, D. (2009). The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.
  • Broadman, H. (2007). Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic Frontier. World Bank.
  • Chamberlain, M. (2014). The Scramble for Africa. New York: Taylor and Francis,.
  • Cooper, A., & Flemes, D. (2013). Foreign Policy Strategies of Emerging Powers in a Multipolar World: an introductory review. Third World Quarterly(34), 940-952.
  • Delisse, J. (2010). Soft power in a hard place: China, Taiwan, cross-strait relations and Orbis, 54(4), 493-524.
  • Devermont, J. (2020, May 8). China’s Strategic Aims in Africa. 12 20, 2020 tarihinde https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Devermont_Testimony.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Dollar, D. (2016). China’s Engagement with Africa, From Natural Resource to Human Resources. Thornton China Centre at Brookin.
  • Eisenman, J. (2007). China’s Post-Cold War Strategy in Africa. J. Eisenman, E. Heginbotham, & D. Mitchell içinde, China and the Developing World: Beijing’s Strategy for the Twenty-First Century. An East Gate Book.
  • Eisenman, J. (2012). China–Africa Trade Patterns: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Contemporary China, 21(77), 790-752.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
  • Hazar, N. (2003). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Afrika ve Türkiye-Afrika İlişkileri. Yeni Türkiye.
  • Hong, X. (2014). The Chair’s Summary of the Colloquium on “The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Development of International Law. Chinese Journal of International Law.
  • Jia, W. (2016). Intercultural communication: Adapting to emerging global realities. Cognella.
  • Kasoz, J. (2017, June 20). The refugee crisis and the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa. 12 15, 2020 tarihinde https://oegfe.at/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/OEGfE_Policy_Brief-2017.16.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Köseoğlu, Ö., & Djamanja, B. (2015). Sahraaltı Afrika’da Bağımsızlık Sonrası Devlet İnşası, Siyasi İstikrar ve Devlet Kapasitesi. International Journal of Political Studies, 1(1), 50-62.
  • Krukowska, M. (2018). China’s economic expansion in Africa–selected aspects. International Business and Global Economy(37), 84-97.
  • Kuo, S. (2012). Beijing’s Understanding of African Security: Context and Limitations. African Security, 5(1), 24-43.
  • Liu, H. (2008). China-Africa Relations through the Prism of Culture – The Dynamics of China’s Cultural Diplomacy with Africa. China aktuell(3), 9-44.
  • Liu, C. (2016). Positioning China’s Aid to Educational Development in Africa: Past. S. Yamada içinde, PostEducation-Forall and Sustainable Development Paradigm: Structural Changes with Diversifying Actors and
  • Norms (s. 269-299). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Marafa, L. (2019). Africa’s Business and Development Relationship with China. Nordiska Afrikainstitute.
  • Melly, P., & Darracq, M. (2014). A New Way to Engage? French Policy in Africa from Sarkozy to Hollande. Chatham House.
  • Mesfin, B. (2009). The establishment and Implications of the United States Africa Command. Institute for Security Studies.
  • Mitchel, D. (2007). China and the Developing World. In C. F. Bergsten, E. Cary,. C. F. Bergsten, & E. Cary içinde, The China Balance Sheet in 2007 and Beyond. Washington D. C: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  • Nantulya, P. (2020, July 23). China Promotes Its Party-Army Model in Africa. Africa Center For Strategic Stusies: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/china-promotes-its-party-army-model-in-africa/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Nye, L. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy(80), 153-172.
  • Orakçı, S. (2020). Afrika Kıtasında Küresel Rekabet. İNSAMER.
  • Osei-Hwedie, B. (2012). The Dynamics of China-Africa Cooperation. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences.
  • Pannel, C. (2008). China’s Economic and Political Penetration in Africa. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 49(6), 706-730.
  • Perkins, H., & Rawski, T. (2008). Forecasting China’s economic growth to 2025. China’s Great Economic Transformation. içinde Cambridge University Press.
  • Powanga, L. (2019). China’s Contribution to the African Power Sector: Policy Implications for African Countries. Hindawi Journal of Energy, 1-10.
  • Powanga, L., & Reichl, I. (2019). China’s Contribution to the African Power Sector:Policy Implications for African Countries. Hindawi Journal of Energy, 12(1), 1-12.
  • Ratha, K., & Mahapatra, S. (2016). Rising China: Trajectory of an Emerging Global Power”, Vision 2020: Sustainable Growth, Economic Development, and Global Competitiveness.
  • Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (2007). China’s (Uneven) Progress against Poverty. Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 34-46.
  • Sıradağ, A. (2014). The Eu’s security policy towards Africa: Causes, rationales, and dynamics. Insight Turkey, 14(4), 178-184.
  • Sun, H. (2018). Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China: 1979-1996. Routledge.
  • Sun, Y. (2014). Africa in China’s Foreign Policy. John L. Thornton China Center and Africa Growth Initiative.
  • Taylor, I. (2004). The All Weather Friend?Ian Taylor, “The All Weather Friend?Sino Afrikan İnteraction in The Tewenty First Centry. I. Taylor, & P. Williams içinde, Africa in International Po litics: External Involvement On The Continent. London: Routledge.
  • Travers, R. (2019). The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Tourism Opportunities and Impacts. World Tourism Organization.
  • Xinhua. (2018). China-Africa Defence, Security Forum opens in Beijing. 06 10, 2020 tarihinde http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/26/c_137282618.htm adresinden alındı.
  • Worldbank. (2019). GDP (GDP, PPP - China, EU, US). 12 15, 2020 tarihinde https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD? locations=CN-EU-US. adresinden alındı.

CHINA AFRICAN PARAMETERS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 87 - 102, 30.01.2021

Öz

Today, as in the colonial era, Africa is at the center of the attention of global powers. For the People’s Republic of
China, one of these global powers, the foreign policy agenda for Africa is a part of the effort to develop cooperation
between developing countries and show its status as a rising superpower. China’s interest in Africa has been
increasing rapidly since 1949. The launch of the Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) after the 21st
century, coupled with the increasing participation of African Heads of State and Government in the Forum, is proof
of the strengthening of the China-Africa partnership. One of the projects that will support China’s economic goals
for Africa is the African connection of the One Belt One Road Project. This initiative of China intertwines
economic, political and security ties between Africa and China by advancing Beijing’s geopolitical interests. In
bilateral economic relations Although some African partners become dependent on Chinese investors, the
relationship is asymmetrical as cooperation with Africa is only a small part of China’s overseas activities. China is
using its military engagement skillfully to advance its strategic goals in Africa and the wider world. Its military
activities are part of its wider goals in the region. Beijing’s security assistance to African partners is framed in
mutually beneficial and overseas interests. In this context, China’s policy towards Africa is driven by the desire to
increase its effectiveness in this continent by establishing strategic partnerships against the sovereignty of Western
powers. As efforts to consolidate this partnership continue, there will be more challenges and opportunities in the
coming years from this perspective. With our study, we will examine how Beijing’s four-pronged foreign policy
approach based on economic, ideological, political and security interests guides China-Africa relations.

Kaynakça

  • Alden, C. (2019). China in Africa. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy.
  • Alden, C., & Large, D. (2016). China’s Evolving Policy towards Peace and Security in Africa:Constructing a new paradigm for peace building? M. G. Berhe, & L. Hongwu içinde, Chine-Africa Relation Governance, Peace and Security.
  • Anthony, R. (2013). China’s Global Role in the East African Oil and Gas Bonanza. M. G. Berhe, & L. Hongwu içinde, Chine-Africa Relations: Governance, Peace And Security (s. 114-130).
  • Batchelor, K., & Zhang, X. (2007). China-Africa Relations: Building Images Through Cultural Co-operation, Media Representation and on the Ground Activities. Routledge.
  • Becard, D., & Filho, P. (2019). Chinese Cultural Diplomacy: instruments in China’s strategy for international insertion in the 21st Century. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 62(1).
  • Brautigam, D. (2009). The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.
  • Broadman, H. (2007). Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic Frontier. World Bank.
  • Chamberlain, M. (2014). The Scramble for Africa. New York: Taylor and Francis,.
  • Cooper, A., & Flemes, D. (2013). Foreign Policy Strategies of Emerging Powers in a Multipolar World: an introductory review. Third World Quarterly(34), 940-952.
  • Delisse, J. (2010). Soft power in a hard place: China, Taiwan, cross-strait relations and Orbis, 54(4), 493-524.
  • Devermont, J. (2020, May 8). China’s Strategic Aims in Africa. 12 20, 2020 tarihinde https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Devermont_Testimony.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Dollar, D. (2016). China’s Engagement with Africa, From Natural Resource to Human Resources. Thornton China Centre at Brookin.
  • Eisenman, J. (2007). China’s Post-Cold War Strategy in Africa. J. Eisenman, E. Heginbotham, & D. Mitchell içinde, China and the Developing World: Beijing’s Strategy for the Twenty-First Century. An East Gate Book.
  • Eisenman, J. (2012). China–Africa Trade Patterns: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Contemporary China, 21(77), 790-752.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
  • Hazar, N. (2003). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Afrika ve Türkiye-Afrika İlişkileri. Yeni Türkiye.
  • Hong, X. (2014). The Chair’s Summary of the Colloquium on “The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Development of International Law. Chinese Journal of International Law.
  • Jia, W. (2016). Intercultural communication: Adapting to emerging global realities. Cognella.
  • Kasoz, J. (2017, June 20). The refugee crisis and the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa. 12 15, 2020 tarihinde https://oegfe.at/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/OEGfE_Policy_Brief-2017.16.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Köseoğlu, Ö., & Djamanja, B. (2015). Sahraaltı Afrika’da Bağımsızlık Sonrası Devlet İnşası, Siyasi İstikrar ve Devlet Kapasitesi. International Journal of Political Studies, 1(1), 50-62.
  • Krukowska, M. (2018). China’s economic expansion in Africa–selected aspects. International Business and Global Economy(37), 84-97.
  • Kuo, S. (2012). Beijing’s Understanding of African Security: Context and Limitations. African Security, 5(1), 24-43.
  • Liu, H. (2008). China-Africa Relations through the Prism of Culture – The Dynamics of China’s Cultural Diplomacy with Africa. China aktuell(3), 9-44.
  • Liu, C. (2016). Positioning China’s Aid to Educational Development in Africa: Past. S. Yamada içinde, PostEducation-Forall and Sustainable Development Paradigm: Structural Changes with Diversifying Actors and
  • Norms (s. 269-299). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Marafa, L. (2019). Africa’s Business and Development Relationship with China. Nordiska Afrikainstitute.
  • Melly, P., & Darracq, M. (2014). A New Way to Engage? French Policy in Africa from Sarkozy to Hollande. Chatham House.
  • Mesfin, B. (2009). The establishment and Implications of the United States Africa Command. Institute for Security Studies.
  • Mitchel, D. (2007). China and the Developing World. In C. F. Bergsten, E. Cary,. C. F. Bergsten, & E. Cary içinde, The China Balance Sheet in 2007 and Beyond. Washington D. C: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  • Nantulya, P. (2020, July 23). China Promotes Its Party-Army Model in Africa. Africa Center For Strategic Stusies: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/china-promotes-its-party-army-model-in-africa/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Nye, L. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy(80), 153-172.
  • Orakçı, S. (2020). Afrika Kıtasında Küresel Rekabet. İNSAMER.
  • Osei-Hwedie, B. (2012). The Dynamics of China-Africa Cooperation. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences.
  • Pannel, C. (2008). China’s Economic and Political Penetration in Africa. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 49(6), 706-730.
  • Perkins, H., & Rawski, T. (2008). Forecasting China’s economic growth to 2025. China’s Great Economic Transformation. içinde Cambridge University Press.
  • Powanga, L. (2019). China’s Contribution to the African Power Sector: Policy Implications for African Countries. Hindawi Journal of Energy, 1-10.
  • Powanga, L., & Reichl, I. (2019). China’s Contribution to the African Power Sector:Policy Implications for African Countries. Hindawi Journal of Energy, 12(1), 1-12.
  • Ratha, K., & Mahapatra, S. (2016). Rising China: Trajectory of an Emerging Global Power”, Vision 2020: Sustainable Growth, Economic Development, and Global Competitiveness.
  • Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (2007). China’s (Uneven) Progress against Poverty. Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 34-46.
  • Sıradağ, A. (2014). The Eu’s security policy towards Africa: Causes, rationales, and dynamics. Insight Turkey, 14(4), 178-184.
  • Sun, H. (2018). Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China: 1979-1996. Routledge.
  • Sun, Y. (2014). Africa in China’s Foreign Policy. John L. Thornton China Center and Africa Growth Initiative.
  • Taylor, I. (2004). The All Weather Friend?Ian Taylor, “The All Weather Friend?Sino Afrikan İnteraction in The Tewenty First Centry. I. Taylor, & P. Williams içinde, Africa in International Po litics: External Involvement On The Continent. London: Routledge.
  • Travers, R. (2019). The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Tourism Opportunities and Impacts. World Tourism Organization.
  • Xinhua. (2018). China-Africa Defence, Security Forum opens in Beijing. 06 10, 2020 tarihinde http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/26/c_137282618.htm adresinden alındı.
  • Worldbank. (2019). GDP (GDP, PPP - China, EU, US). 12 15, 2020 tarihinde https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD? locations=CN-EU-US. adresinden alındı.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kübra Yılmaz 0000-0001-5696-3955

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, K. (2021). ÇİN’İN AFRİKA PARAMETRELERİ. Africania, 1(1), 87-102.