Araştırma Makalesi
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İNGİLİZ KOLONİ YÖNETİMİNİN NİJERYA’DAKİ HÂKİMİYET ARAÇLARI VE GÜNÜMÜZDEKİ YANSIMALARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 121 - 144, 30.01.2021

Öz

Afrika kıtasında sömürgecilik, yıllardır tartışılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu sürecin en önemli aktörlerinden birisi de İngiltere’dir.
İngiltere’nin Afrika’daki en stratejik kolonilerinden birisi Nijerya’dır. Gine Körfezi kıyısındaki Batı Afrika ülkesi Nijerya
bugün “Afrika’nın Devi” olarak nitelendirilmektedir. 200 milyonu aşan nüfusuyla Nijerya, Afrika’da en yoğun nüfusa sahip
ülke konumundadır. 250’ya yakın etnik kabilenin bulunduğu ülkede birçok yerel dil konuşulmaktadır. Geçmişte tarım
ürünleriyle denizaşırı güçlerin sömürgesi olan ülke, bugün petrol ve doğal gaz kaynaklarıyla öne çıkmaktadır. Sömürge
yarışında önemli aktörlerden İngiltere, 19. asır ile birlikte Nijerya topraklarına ulaşmıştır. İngilizler, Güney Afrika ülkelerinin
aksine Nijerya topraklarına yerleşmekten daha çok bu topraklardaki doğal kaynakları elde etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Nitekim
Sanayi Devrimi ile birlikte fabrikalar için kauçuk, pamuk ve palm yağı gibi hammaddelere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur ki bunlar
Nijerya topraklarında bolca bulunmaktaydı. İngiltere, Nijerya’daki hâkimiyetini ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyokültürel olmak
üzere farklı alanlarda arttırmıştır. Bu amaçla şirketler ile ekonomik nüfuzunu; imzaladıkları anlaşmalarla siyasi nüfuzunu,
işgal yöntemiyle toprak ve misyoner okullarla kültürel hâkimiyetini sağlamıştır. İngilizlerin Nijerya’daki sosyolojik yapıyı
göz önüne alarak sürdürdüğü koloni politikalarının yansımaları günümüzde de görülmektedir. Bu makale kapsamında, bir
Avrupalı koloni devleti olarak İngiltere’nin Nijerya’daki sömürge yönetiminde siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyokültürel olarak kullandığı araçlar ve attığı adımlar incelenecektir. Diğer taraftan, sömürge yönetiminin Nijerya’ya ve Nijeryalılara etkisi
masaya yatırılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abasialtai, M. B. (Ed.). (1990). A History of the Cross River Region of Nigeria, Calabar: University of Calabar Press.
  • Achebe, C. (1994). No Longer the Ease, İbadan: Penguin Books.
  • Adamolekun, Ladipo. (2004). Politics and Administration in Nigeria. İbadan: Spectrum Books.
  • Adegoke, N. (2014). The Nigeria Police and the Challenges of Security in Nigeria, Review of Public Administration and Management, (6), 21-35.
  • Afigbo, A.E. (2006). The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria (1885-1950). USA: University of Rochester Press.
  • Anthony Enahoro Foundation (22nd July 1923-15 Dec 2010), 18 Mart 2019 tarihinde http://anthonyenahoro.org/
  • Anwar, A. (2015). The Origin and Development of Gardanci Tradition in Nothern Nigeria, up to 1975, Arewa House Journal, 3, (3), 21-37.
  • BBC starts Igbo and Yoruba services in Nigeria, BBC, 22 Aralık 2019 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-43076923
  • Bevan, D. L. Collier, P. Gunning, J. W. (1999). The Political Economy of Poverty, Equiti, and Growth: Nigeria and Indonesia. Washington: World Bank Oxford University Press.
  • Brown, C.A.: (2003). We are All Slaves. Cape Town: Heinemann.
  • Campbell, J. (2010). Nigeria: Dancing on the Brink. ABD: Rowman&Littlefield.
  • Çam, T. (2018, 9 Eylül), 100 Yıllık Sömürge: Nijerya, Anadolu Ajansı, 6 Haziran 2019 tarihinde www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/100-yillik-somurge-nijerya/834626
  • Deji, A. M. (2013). Historical Background of Nigerian Politics, 1900-1960, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 16, (2), 84-94.
  • Falola, T. (1986). Britain and Nigeria: Exploitation or Development. London: Zen Books.
  • Gaines, J. Nigeria (1960-2010). Unity, Faith, Peace, Progress. Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria.
  • Garba, S. J. (2012). The Impact of Colonialism on Nigerian Education and the Need for E-Learning Technique for Sustainable Development, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2, (7), 53-61.
  • Han, İ. (1966). Müslüman Nijerya’da Krizler, Diriliş Dergisi, 2, (5), 47.
  • Harmon, D. E. (2001). Exploration of Africa: Emerging Nations (Nigeria). London: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Hirshfield, C. (1979). The Diplomacy of Partiton Britian, France and The Creation of Nigeriaa 1890-1898. USA: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Ikime, O. (Ed.). (2012). Groundwork of Nigerian History. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc.
  • Iyeke, I.(2002). The History of People Ibos and Nigeria. Abuja: The Victor Company.
  • İpekçi, A. (1959). Afrika, Ankara: Milliyet Yayınları.
  • Jakande, L.K. (1974). West Africa Annual 1974, Lagos: John West Publications. 1974.
  • Kavak, G. (2019, Ekim 20). Bir Afrika Ülkesinin Tarihî Serencamı: Nijerya’da Eğitim Meselesi ve Almajirilik Sistemi, Afrika Araştırmacıları Derneği (AFAM), 10 Kasım 2019 tarihinde https://afam.org.tr/bir-afrika-ulkesinin-tarihiserencami-nijeryada-egitim-meselesi-ve-almajirilik-sistemi/
  • Kavas, A. (2007). “Nijerya”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), (33), 109-112.
  • Kwanashie, G. A. (2002). The Making of the North in Nigeria 1900-1965. Arewa House, Kaduna: Ahmedu Bello University, 2002.
  • Lewis, L. J. (1978). Society, Schools and Progress in Nigeria. London: Pergamon Press.
  • Mohammed S. A, Osuala, U. S. (2015). The British Conquest and Resistance of Sokoto Caliphate, 1897- 1903: Crisis, Conflicts and Resistance, Historical Research Letter, (22), 39-44.
  • Montclos, M-A P. (Ed.). (2016). Violence in Nigeria a Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Ibadan: African Studies Centre.
  • National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), (2018). Nigerian Capital Importation (Q4 & FULL YEAR 2018), Abuja.
  • Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG), (2019, Mart 16). “Profile”, 6 Ocak 2020 tarihinde www.nlng.com/OurCompany/Pages/Profile.aspx
  • Odekunle, O. J. (2010). Nijerya’da İslam: Yoruba Toplumunda İslam’ın Yapılanması, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Odeyemi, J. O, (2014). A Political History of Nigeria and the Crisis of Ethnicity in Nation-Building, International Journal of Developing Societies, 3, (1), 87-95.
  • Ofigbo, A.E. (1972). The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria (1891-1929). London: Longman.
  • Ogueze, L.O.I. (1993). Dimensions of Nigerian History for Citizenship Education. Calabar: Mekslink Publishers.
  • Okozie, B. (1998). The Proverbs of the Yorubas. Lagos: Abiola Bookshop Press Ltd.
  • Osuntokun, A. (1979). Nigeria in the First World War. London: Longman.
  • Paki, A.E. Edoumiekumo, F. Samuel, G. (2011), Colonialism and Political Conflict in Contemporary Nigeria: The case of the Niger Delta, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1, (6), 276-284.
  • Phillips, D.A. (2004). Nigeria. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Pratten, D. (2007). The Man-Leopard Murders History and Society in Colonial Nigeria. London: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Punch, (2019, Kasım 6). “PHOTOS: Nigerian Monarchs Visit Prince Charles in Abuja” 3 Şubat 2020 tarihinde https://punchng.com/photos-nigerian-monarchs-visit-prince-charles-in-abuja/
  • Sani, Shehu. (2007). The Killings Fields: Religious Violence in Northern Nigeria. İbadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
  • Shokpeka, S. A. Nwaokocha, O. A. (2009). British Colonial Economic Policy in Nigeria, the Example of Benin Province 1914-1954, Journal of Human Ecology, 28, (1), 57-66.
  • Siollun, M. (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria’s Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing.
  • Sunny, N. Chinelo, N. Uche, O. (2009). Nigerian People and Culture. Anambra: Ifevic Publishers Ltd.
  • T. Falola, A. Mahadi, M. Uhomoibhi, U. Anyanwu. (2007). History of Nigeria-2. Lagos: Longman Nigeria Plc.
  • Uche, L. U., (1989). Mass Media People and Politics in Nigeria. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
  • Udenwa, A. (2011). Nigerian/Biafra Civil War: My Experience. İbadan: Spectrum Books,.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2018). National Human Development Report 2018, Achieving Human Development in North East Nigeria, Abuja.
  • Usman, U. H. (2012). Crisis of Leadership in Nigeria. Kaduna: Ahmedu Bello University Press.
  • Zailani, A. B. (2009). Impact of British Colonial Agricultural Policies on Jama’are Emirate 1900-1960, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ahmedu Bello Üniversitesi, Zaria.
  • Mottoh-Migan, V. R. (1994). Constitution Making in Post-Independence Nigeria: A Critique. İbadan: Spectrum Books.

THE TOOLS OF DOMINATION OF THE BRITISH COLONY ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA AND THEIR REFLECTIONS OF TODAY

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 121 - 144, 30.01.2021

Öz

Colonialism in the African continent is an issue which has been debated for years. In this process one of the biggest actors is
Britain. Nigeria is one of the most important colony in Africa for Britain. With a population of over 200 million, Nigeria is
the most densely populated country in Africa. Many local languages are spoken in Nigeria, where nearly 250 ethnic tribes
live. While Nigeria stood out with agricultural products in the past, today it stands out with its oil and natural gas resources.
After the Industrial Revolution, these raw materials have been very important for international powers. By the way Britain
has increased its dominance in Nigeria in different ways especially economic, political and sociocultural. For this purpose,
British colony has increased its economic influence with companies. It ensured his political influence with the agreements
which signed local and international powers. British colony took over territorial sovereignty through by occupation and it has
increased its cultural dominance with missionary schools. We can see today different reflections of the British colonial
policies carried on Nigeria. The article will explore the political, economic and sociocultural tools and steps Britain has taken
in colonial rule in Nigeria as a European colonial state. On the other hand, it will discuss the impact of the colonial
administration on Nigeria and Nigerians.

Kaynakça

  • Abasialtai, M. B. (Ed.). (1990). A History of the Cross River Region of Nigeria, Calabar: University of Calabar Press.
  • Achebe, C. (1994). No Longer the Ease, İbadan: Penguin Books.
  • Adamolekun, Ladipo. (2004). Politics and Administration in Nigeria. İbadan: Spectrum Books.
  • Adegoke, N. (2014). The Nigeria Police and the Challenges of Security in Nigeria, Review of Public Administration and Management, (6), 21-35.
  • Afigbo, A.E. (2006). The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria (1885-1950). USA: University of Rochester Press.
  • Anthony Enahoro Foundation (22nd July 1923-15 Dec 2010), 18 Mart 2019 tarihinde http://anthonyenahoro.org/
  • Anwar, A. (2015). The Origin and Development of Gardanci Tradition in Nothern Nigeria, up to 1975, Arewa House Journal, 3, (3), 21-37.
  • BBC starts Igbo and Yoruba services in Nigeria, BBC, 22 Aralık 2019 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-43076923
  • Bevan, D. L. Collier, P. Gunning, J. W. (1999). The Political Economy of Poverty, Equiti, and Growth: Nigeria and Indonesia. Washington: World Bank Oxford University Press.
  • Brown, C.A.: (2003). We are All Slaves. Cape Town: Heinemann.
  • Campbell, J. (2010). Nigeria: Dancing on the Brink. ABD: Rowman&Littlefield.
  • Çam, T. (2018, 9 Eylül), 100 Yıllık Sömürge: Nijerya, Anadolu Ajansı, 6 Haziran 2019 tarihinde www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/100-yillik-somurge-nijerya/834626
  • Deji, A. M. (2013). Historical Background of Nigerian Politics, 1900-1960, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 16, (2), 84-94.
  • Falola, T. (1986). Britain and Nigeria: Exploitation or Development. London: Zen Books.
  • Gaines, J. Nigeria (1960-2010). Unity, Faith, Peace, Progress. Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria.
  • Garba, S. J. (2012). The Impact of Colonialism on Nigerian Education and the Need for E-Learning Technique for Sustainable Development, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2, (7), 53-61.
  • Han, İ. (1966). Müslüman Nijerya’da Krizler, Diriliş Dergisi, 2, (5), 47.
  • Harmon, D. E. (2001). Exploration of Africa: Emerging Nations (Nigeria). London: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Hirshfield, C. (1979). The Diplomacy of Partiton Britian, France and The Creation of Nigeriaa 1890-1898. USA: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Ikime, O. (Ed.). (2012). Groundwork of Nigerian History. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc.
  • Iyeke, I.(2002). The History of People Ibos and Nigeria. Abuja: The Victor Company.
  • İpekçi, A. (1959). Afrika, Ankara: Milliyet Yayınları.
  • Jakande, L.K. (1974). West Africa Annual 1974, Lagos: John West Publications. 1974.
  • Kavak, G. (2019, Ekim 20). Bir Afrika Ülkesinin Tarihî Serencamı: Nijerya’da Eğitim Meselesi ve Almajirilik Sistemi, Afrika Araştırmacıları Derneği (AFAM), 10 Kasım 2019 tarihinde https://afam.org.tr/bir-afrika-ulkesinin-tarihiserencami-nijeryada-egitim-meselesi-ve-almajirilik-sistemi/
  • Kavas, A. (2007). “Nijerya”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), (33), 109-112.
  • Kwanashie, G. A. (2002). The Making of the North in Nigeria 1900-1965. Arewa House, Kaduna: Ahmedu Bello University, 2002.
  • Lewis, L. J. (1978). Society, Schools and Progress in Nigeria. London: Pergamon Press.
  • Mohammed S. A, Osuala, U. S. (2015). The British Conquest and Resistance of Sokoto Caliphate, 1897- 1903: Crisis, Conflicts and Resistance, Historical Research Letter, (22), 39-44.
  • Montclos, M-A P. (Ed.). (2016). Violence in Nigeria a Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Ibadan: African Studies Centre.
  • National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), (2018). Nigerian Capital Importation (Q4 & FULL YEAR 2018), Abuja.
  • Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG), (2019, Mart 16). “Profile”, 6 Ocak 2020 tarihinde www.nlng.com/OurCompany/Pages/Profile.aspx
  • Odekunle, O. J. (2010). Nijerya’da İslam: Yoruba Toplumunda İslam’ın Yapılanması, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Odeyemi, J. O, (2014). A Political History of Nigeria and the Crisis of Ethnicity in Nation-Building, International Journal of Developing Societies, 3, (1), 87-95.
  • Ofigbo, A.E. (1972). The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria (1891-1929). London: Longman.
  • Ogueze, L.O.I. (1993). Dimensions of Nigerian History for Citizenship Education. Calabar: Mekslink Publishers.
  • Okozie, B. (1998). The Proverbs of the Yorubas. Lagos: Abiola Bookshop Press Ltd.
  • Osuntokun, A. (1979). Nigeria in the First World War. London: Longman.
  • Paki, A.E. Edoumiekumo, F. Samuel, G. (2011), Colonialism and Political Conflict in Contemporary Nigeria: The case of the Niger Delta, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1, (6), 276-284.
  • Phillips, D.A. (2004). Nigeria. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Pratten, D. (2007). The Man-Leopard Murders History and Society in Colonial Nigeria. London: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Punch, (2019, Kasım 6). “PHOTOS: Nigerian Monarchs Visit Prince Charles in Abuja” 3 Şubat 2020 tarihinde https://punchng.com/photos-nigerian-monarchs-visit-prince-charles-in-abuja/
  • Sani, Shehu. (2007). The Killings Fields: Religious Violence in Northern Nigeria. İbadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
  • Shokpeka, S. A. Nwaokocha, O. A. (2009). British Colonial Economic Policy in Nigeria, the Example of Benin Province 1914-1954, Journal of Human Ecology, 28, (1), 57-66.
  • Siollun, M. (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria’s Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing.
  • Sunny, N. Chinelo, N. Uche, O. (2009). Nigerian People and Culture. Anambra: Ifevic Publishers Ltd.
  • T. Falola, A. Mahadi, M. Uhomoibhi, U. Anyanwu. (2007). History of Nigeria-2. Lagos: Longman Nigeria Plc.
  • Uche, L. U., (1989). Mass Media People and Politics in Nigeria. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
  • Udenwa, A. (2011). Nigerian/Biafra Civil War: My Experience. İbadan: Spectrum Books,.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2018). National Human Development Report 2018, Achieving Human Development in North East Nigeria, Abuja.
  • Usman, U. H. (2012). Crisis of Leadership in Nigeria. Kaduna: Ahmedu Bello University Press.
  • Zailani, A. B. (2009). Impact of British Colonial Agricultural Policies on Jama’are Emirate 1900-1960, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ahmedu Bello Üniversitesi, Zaria.
  • Mottoh-Migan, V. R. (1994). Constitution Making in Post-Independence Nigeria: A Critique. İbadan: Spectrum Books.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gökhan Kavak 0000-0001-9480-9238

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavak, G. (2021). İNGİLİZ KOLONİ YÖNETİMİNİN NİJERYA’DAKİ HÂKİMİYET ARAÇLARI VE GÜNÜMÜZDEKİ YANSIMALARI. Africania, 1(1), 121-144.