Farklı düzeylerdeki işık şiddetlerinin besleyici film tekniği ile yetiştirilen marul verimine etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı düzeylerdeki ışık şiddetlerinin (PPFD, fotosentetik foton akı yoğunluğu) değerlerinin Besin Filmi Tekniği kullanılarak (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT) yetiştirilen ‘Maritima’ marul çeşidinin baş verimine etkisini belirlemektir. NFT sistemi, aydınlık olmaya atölye ortamında yürütülmüştür. Sistemin sehpası, Ø5*5’lik demir profil kullanılarak yapılmıştır. NFT yetiştirme kanalları olarak 75 mm çapında ve 300 cm uzunluğunda 3 adet PVC boru kullanılmıştır. Sehpa üzerindeki en alt boruya 1. boru, bir ortadakine 2. boru ve en üstündeki ise 3. boru olarak adlandırılmıştır. Her bir boru üzerine çapı 5 cm olan 14 delik 20 cm aralıklarla açılmıştır. Şaşırtma aşamasına gelmiş 42 marul fidesi, bu saksı sepetlere 22.03.2025 tarihinde yerleştirilmiş ve 20.05.2025 tarihinde ise marullar hasat edilmiştir. Otomasyon sistemi, marul beslemesinde tüm kontrol işlemlerini gerçekleştirmiştir. Üçüncü borunun 30 cm yukarısına 300 watt’lik 3 adet beyaz LED yerleştirilmiştir. Birinci, 2. ve 3. borudaki bitki yüzeylerinde ölçülen PPFD değerleri sırasıyla 160, 260 ve 320 µmol m-2s-1’dur. Deneme konuları 1. boru için FD160, 2. boru için FD260 ve 3. boru için FD320 olarak belirlenmiştir. Birinci, 2. ve 3. konularda yetişen bitkilerin ortalama boyu 21.25c±1.19, 23.88b±1.81 ve 25.75a±2.55, baş ağırlıkları ise sırasıyla 155.41c±66.73, 333.10b±41.69 ve 561.75a±95.84 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak aydınlatma randımanı yüksek olan LED’den elde edilen PPFD değerleri 160’dan 320 µmolm-2s-1’ye kadar arttıkça marulun boyu ve ağırlığı ile baş ve kök ağırlıkları da artmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre artan ışık şiddeti fotosentezi arttırmakta, fotosentezin artmasıyla marulun verim ve verim unsurları da artmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Marul
• su kültürü
• PAR
• NFT
• PLC
• PPF

Effect of different light intensities on lettuce yield grown with nutrient film technique

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different light intensities (PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density) on head yield of the 'Maritima' lettuce variety grown using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). The NFT system was implemented in a well-lit workshop environment. The system stand was constructed using a Ø5x5 steel profile. Three PVC pipes, each 75 mm in diameter and 300 cm long, were used as NFT growing channels. The bottom pipe on the stand was designated pipe 1, the middle pipe was designated pipe 2, and the top pipe was designated pipe 3. Fourteen holes, each 5 cm in diameter, were drilled on each pipe, spaced 20 cm apart. Forty-two lettuce seedlings that had reached the transplanting stage were placed in these potted baskets on 22.3.2025, and the lettuces were harvested on 20.4.2025. The automation system performed all control operations during lettuce feeding. 3 white LEDs of 300 watts were placed 30 cm above the third tube. PPFD values measured on plant surfaces in the first, 2nd and 3rd tubes were 160, 260 and 320 µmol m-2s-1, respectively. The experimental subjects were determined as FD160 for tube 1, FD260 for tube 2 and FD320 for tube 3. The average heights of plants grown in the first, 2nd and 3rd subjects were 21.25c±1.19, 23.88b±1.81 and 25.75a±2.55, and head weights were determined as 155.41c±66.73, 333.10b±41.69 and 561.75a±95.84 g, respectively. As a result, as PPFD values obtained from high-efficiency LEDs increased from 160 to 320 µmolm-2s-1, lettuce length and weight, as well as head and root weights, also increased. These results indicate that increasing light intensity increases photosynthesis, and with increased photosynthesis, lettuce yield and yield components also increase.

Keywords

• Lettuce
• hydroponic
• PAR
• NFT
• PLC
• PPFD

Kaynakça

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