Navigating Challenges: How Flexibility, Digital Transformation, and Value Creation Drive Resilience in Tourism SMEs
Year 2025,
Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 478 - 498, 05.12.2025
Pwint Phyu Hninn
,
Yuen-onn Choong
,
Ai Na Seow
Abstract
This study examines the business resilience of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia through flexibility, digital transformation and value creation. The research model and proposed hypotheses were developed based on the resource-based view theory and the dynamic capabilities theory. The research employed quantitative methods to obtain data from 250 owners and managers of tourism SMEs. The data analysis was performed through structural equation modelling using the SmartPLS software version 4. The research outcomes demonstrate that tourism SMEs in Malaysia can benefit from business resilience through digital transformation and flexibility practices. Value creation functions as a mediator which explains the relationships between the variables. Tourism SMEs should follow recommendations to succeed in an unpredictable volatile market. These organisations need to develop business resilience effectively to handle crises and disruptions.
Supporting Institution
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
Project Number
FRGS/1/2022/ SS02/UTAR/02/2
References
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Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
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Year 2025,
Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 478 - 498, 05.12.2025
Pwint Phyu Hninn
,
Yuen-onn Choong
,
Ai Na Seow
Project Number
FRGS/1/2022/ SS02/UTAR/02/2
References
-
Abdullah, F. A., Yassin, N. H. M., Hasbollah, H. R., Saidi, N. A., Radzi, N. A. M., & Hashim, H. (2021). Propensity adoption of digital technology among small medium enterprises in the tourism industry. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 14(1), 520–536. Retrieved on February 11, 2025 from: https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/68325
-
Adnan, M., Abdulhamid, T., & Sohail, B. (2018). Predicting firm performance through resource based framework. European Journal of Business and Management, 10(1), 31-40. Retrieved on May 12, 2025, form:
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/40600/41752
-
Alake, O. R., Adegbuyi, O. A., & Babajide, A. A. (2022). Values Creation and Sustainable SMEs Operational Resilience in the New Normal: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 18, 1129-1135. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.107
-
Arulthevan, Y. N., & Amirullah, A. (2020). Tourism Recovery Plan: An Opportunity for Change Post COVID-19. 28, 1-19. Retrieved on February 11, 2025 from: https://www.ideas.org.my/publications-item/brief-ideas-no-28-tourism-recovery-plan-an-opportunity-for-change-post-covid-19/
-
Asgary, A., Azimi, N., & Anjum, M. I. (2013). Measuring small businesses disaster resiliency: case of small businesses impacted by the 2010 flood in Pakistan. International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management, 4(2), 170-187. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbcrm.2013.056350
-
Aybek, E. C., & Toraman, C. (2022). How many response categories are sufficient for Likert type scales? An empirical study based on the Item Response Theory. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(2), 534–547.
https://doi.org/10.21449/IJATE.1132931
-
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
-
Bashir, M. (2023). The influence of strategic flexibility on SME performance: is business model innovation the missing link? International Journal of Innovation Science, 15(5), 799–816. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-06-2021-0110
-
Bleady, A., Hafiez Ali Hasaballah, A., & Balal Ibrahim, S. (2018). Dynamic capabilities theory: Pinning down a shifting concept. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 22(2), 1-16. Retrieved on February 10, 2025 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325257001
-
Borah, P. S., Dogbe, C. S. K., Dzandu, M. D., & Pomegbe, W. W. K. (2023). Forging organizational resilience through green value co-creation: The role of green technology, green operations, and green transaction capabilities. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(8), 5734–5747. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3446
-
Brozovic, D., Nordin, F., & Kindström, D. (2016). Service flexibility: conceptualizing value creation in service. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 26(6), 868–888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-09-2014-0219
-
Buzzao, G., & Rizzi, F. (2023). The role of dynamic capabilities for resilience in pursuing business continuity: an empirical study. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(11–12), 1353–1385. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2023.2174427
-
Choong, Y. O., Seow A. N., Teh H. L. J., Tan S. H. P., & Nur Hafizah binti Mohammad Ismail. (2022). The mediating effect of digital transformation extent on the relationship between managerial proactiveness and business resilience: Government intervention as a moderator. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 14(3), 1281-1293. Retrieved on February 10, 2025 from: http://www.gbmrjournal.com/pdf/v14n3s/V14N3s-89.pdf
-
Choong, Y. O., Seow, A. N., Low, M. P., Ismail, N. H., Choong, C. K., & Seah, C. Sen. (2023). Delving the impact of adaptability and government support in small-and medium-sized enterprises business resilience: The mediating role of information technology capability. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 31(4), 928–940. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12492
-
De Matteis, J., Elia, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (2023). Business continuity management and organizational resilience: A small and medium enterprises (SMEs) perspective. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 31(4), 670–682. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12470
-
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2022). Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Performance 2021. Department of Statistics Malaysia. Retrieved on February 9, 2025 from: https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/micro-small-&-medium-enterprises-msmes-performance-2021
-
DesJardine, M., Bansal, P., & Yang, Y. (2019). Bouncing back: Building resilience through social and environmental practices in the context of the 2008 global financial crisis. Journal of Management, 45(4), 1434–1460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317708854
-
Elgazzar, Y., El-Shahawy, R., & Senousy, Y. (2022). The role of digital transformation in enhancing business resilience with Pandemic of COVID-19. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 224, 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2275-5_20
-
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
-
Freudenreich, B., Lüdeke-Freund, F., & Schaltegger, S. (2020). A stakeholder theory perspective on business models: Value creation for sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04112-z
-
Guo, H., & Cao, Z. (2014). Strategic flexibility and SME performance in an emerging economy: A contingency perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2012-0177
-
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
-
Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Mohmad Sidek, M. H. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), 012163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
-
Hamid, R., Hanisah, N.,Hashim, M., & Marmaya, N. H. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on Malaysia tourism industry supply chain. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(16), 27–41.
https://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i16/11213
-
He, Z., Huang, H., Choi, H., & Bilgihan, A. (2023). Building organizational resilience with digital transformation. Journal of Service Management, 34(1), 147–171.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-06-2021-0216
-
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
-
Horváth, D., & Szabó, R. Z. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021
-
Hu, M. K., & Kee, D. M. (2021). Strategic measures and tactical interventions for COVID-19 impact relief on SMEs. Handbook of research on strategies and interventions to mitigate COVID-19 impact on SMEs (pp. 522-541). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7436-2.ch026
-
Kativhu, S., Mwale, M., & Francis, J. (2018). Approaches to measuring resilience and their applicability to small retail business resilience. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 16(4), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.23
-
Kim, N., & Shim, C. (2018). Social capital, knowledge sharing and innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises in a tourism cluster. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(6), 2417–2437. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2016-0392
-
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
-
Kontić, L., & Vidicki, Đ. (2018). Strategy for digital organization: Testing a measurement tool for digital transformation. Strategic Management, 23(1), 29-35.
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