Kahverengi/Bej Adipoz Doku: Obeziteyle Mücadelede Yeni Oyuncular

Öz

Obezite tüm dünyada prevalansı giderek artan metabolik bir hastalıktır. Obezite ile mücadele için multidisipliner stratejiler gereklidir. Obezite tedavisinde diyetten cerrahiye kadar birçok yöntem denenmektedir. Ancak bu yöntemler obezite tedavisinde yeterince başarılı olamamıştır. Son yıllarda adipoz doku biyolojisinde çok önemli gelişmelerle yeni bir yağ doku tipinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu tip yağ dokusu beyaz yağ dokusu ve klasik kahverengi yağ dokusundan farklı olarak bej yağ dokusu olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bej adipositlerin kahverengi benzeri bir özelliğe sahip olduğu ve termojenez yeteneklerine sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bej adipositlerin, soğuk, hormonlar, egzersiz ve diyet bileşikleri gibi çeşitli uyaranların etkisiyle kahverengileşme adı verilen bir mekanizma ile Beyaz yağ dokusunda gelişebildiği gösterilmiştir. Kahverengi/bej adipositler yeni nesil kilo verme stratejisi olmaya adaydır ve hem obeziteye hem de insülin direnci, diyabet vb. metabolik hastalıklara karşı faydaları olması muhtemeldir. Bugüne kadar soğuk maruziyeti, çeşitli ilaçlar, hormonlar ve bitki bazlı ajanlar dahil olmak üzere birçok bileşik veya yöntem deneyerek beyaz yağ dokunun kahverengileşmesini indükleyerek obeziteyle mücadele etmek için artan sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Yakın gelecekte yeni nesil nanoteknoloji temelli tedavilerin kullanılması ile kahverengi/bej yağ hücrelerine doğrudan bağlanabilen ve termojenik programı aktive edebilen spesifik moleküller obeziteyi tedavi edebilecektir. Bununla birlikte, önümüzdeki yıllarda obezitesi olan kişilerde kahverengileştirme ajanlarının terapötik kullanımı, daha ileri randomize kontrollü çalışmaların sonucuna bağlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obezite
• Kahverengi yağ dokusu
• Bej Yağ Dokusu
• Beyaz yağ dokusunun kahverengileşmesi

Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue: Novel Players in the Fight Against Obesity

Öz

Obesity is a metabolic disease which its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Multidisciplinary strategies are required to combat obesity. Many methods, from diet to surgery, are tried in obesity treatment. However, these methods have not been successful enough in the treatment of obesity. In recent years, a new adipose tissue type has been mentioned, with very important developments in adipose tissue biology. This type of adipose tissue is named as beige adipose tissue, different from white adipose tissue and classical brown adipose tissue. It has been observed that the beige adipocytes have a Brown-like characteristic and have thermogenesis abilities. It has been shown that beige adipocytes can develop in the white adipose tissue by a mechanism called browning, with the effect of various stimuli such as cold, hormones, exercise and dietary compounds. Brown/beige adipocytes are a candidate to be a new generation weight loss strategy and it is likely to have benefits against both obesity and its related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, etc. To date, an increasing number of studies have been carried out to combat obesity by inducing browning of WAT by trying many compounds or methods, including cold exposure, various drugs, hormones, and plant-based agents. With the use of new generation nanotechnology-based therapies in the near future, specific molecules that can directly bind to brown/beige fat cells and activate the thermogenic program will be able to treat obesity. However, the therapeutic use of browning agents in people with obesity in the coming years will depend on the outcome of further randomised controlled trials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obesity
• Brown adipose tissue
• Beige Adipose Tissue
• Browning of white adipose tissue

Kaynakça

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