MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DENTISTRY

Öz

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that uses magnetic fields and radio frequency waves to produce three-dimensional images. In MRI, signals from protons are used to obtain anatomical images. MRI has disadvantages in the oral and maxillofacial region because it can be adversely affected by body movements, respiration, air in the oral cavity, nasal cells, implants and metal materials during image acquisition. The success of MRI in dentistry, especially in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluations, visualization of salivary glands, lymph nodes, masses in the head and neck, thyroid and parathyroid gland, nasopharynx, soft tissue examinations such as tongue and muscle, has made its use widespread

Anahtar Kelimeler

• magnetic
• resonance
• imaging
• dentistry

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE MANYETİK REZONANS GÖRÜNTÜLEME

Öz

Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) noninvaziv, manyetik alan ve radyo frekans dalgalarının kullanılmasıyla üç boyutlu görüntülerin elde edildiği görüntüleme yöntemidir. MRG’de anatomik görüntüler elde etmek için protonlardan gelen sinyaller kullanılır. Görüntü elde edilmesi esnasında vücut hareketlerinden, solunumdan, ağız boşluğundaki havadan, burun hücrelerinden, implantlardan ve metal malzemelerden olumsuz etkilenebildiği için MRG’nin oral ve maksillofasiyal bölgede kullanım dezavantajları vardır. MRG’nin diş hekimliğinde özellikle temporomandibular eklem (TME) değerlendirmelerinde, tükürük bezlerinin görüntülenmesinde, lenf bezleri, baş boyundaki kitleler, tiroid ve paratiroid bezi, nazofarenks, dil ve kas gibi yumuşak doku incelemelerinde oldukça başarılı olması kullanımını yaygınlaştırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• diş hekimliği
• manyetik
• rezonans
• görüntüleme

Kaynakça

1. Arslan, A., Orhan, K., Paksoy, C. S., Ucok, O., Ozbek, M., Dural, S., & Kanli, A. (2009). MRI evaluation of the classification, frequency, and disc morphology of temporomandibular joint disc displacements: a multicenter retrospective study in a Turkish population. Oral Radiology, 25, 14-21.doi: 10.1007/s11282-009-0001-5 Bittner, R.
2. C., & Felix, R. (1998). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the chest: state-of-the-art. European Respiratory Journal, 11(6), 1392-1404. doi: 10.1183/09031936.98.11061392.
3. Brooks, S. L. (2003). Maxillofacial Imaging. Greenberg MS, Glick M. Burket’s oral medicine diagnosis and treatment. 10th ed, Ontario: BC Decker, 35-49.
4. Chau, A. (2012). Comparison between the use of magnetic resonance imaging and conebeam computed tomography for mandibular nerve identification. Clinical oral implants research, 23(2), 253-256. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02188.x
5. Chiba, M., Kumagai, M., & Echigo, S. (2007). Association between high signal intensity in the posterior disc attachment seen on T 2 weighted fat-suppressed images and temporomandibular joint pain. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 36(4), 187-191. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/86899638.
6. De Coene, B., Hajnal, J. V., Gatehouse, P., Longmore, D. B., White, S. J., Oatridge, A., ... & Bydder, G. M. (1992). MR of the brain using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pulse sequences. American journal of neuroradiology, 13(6), 1555-1564.
7. De Oliveira Amaral, R., de Lima Damasceno, N. N., de Souza, L. A., & Devito, K. L. (2013). Magnetic resonance images of patients with temporomandibular disorders: prevalence and correlation between disk morphology and displacement. European journal of radiology, 82(6), 990-994. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.01.002.
8. Dias, I. M., Cordeiro, P. D., Devito, K. L., Tavares, M. L. F., Leite, I. C. G., & Tesch, R. D. (2016). Evaluation of temporomandibular joint disc displacement as a risk factor for osteoarthrosis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 45(3), 313-317. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.09.016

9. Gallichan, D. (2018). Diffusion MRI of the human brain at ultra-high field (UHF): A review. Neuroimage, 168, 172-180. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.037.
10. Goh, B. T., Poon, C. Y., & Peck, R. H. L. (2001). The importance of routine magnetic resonance imaging in trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 92(4), 424-429. doi: 10.1067/moe.2001.115130.
11. Güneyli, S., Ceylan, N., Bayraktaroğlu, S., Acar, T., & Savaş, R. (2014). Imaging findings of vascular lesions in the head and neck. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 20(5), 432. doi: 10.5152/dir.2014.14004.
12. Ikeda, K., Ho, K. C., Nowicki, B. H., & Haughton, V. M. (1996). Multiplanar MR and anatomic study of the mandibular canal. American journal of neuroradiology, 17(3), 579-584.
13. Idiyatullin, D., Corum, C., McIntosh, A., Moeller, S., & Garwood, M. (2007, May). Direct MRI of human teeth by SWIFT. In Intl Soc Mag Reson Med (Vol. 15, p. 383).
14. In, M. H., Posnansky, O., Beall, E. B., Lowe, M. J., & Speck, O. (2015). Distortion correction in EPI using an extended PSF method with a reversed phase gradient approach. PloS one, 10(2), e0116320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116320.
15. Katzberg, R. W., & Tallents, R. H. (2005). Normal and abnormal temporomandibular joint disc and posterior attachment as depicted by magnetic resonance imaging in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 63(8), 1155-1161. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.04.012.
16. Krishnan, A., Arslanoglu, A., Yildirm, N., Silbergleit, R., & Aygun, N. (2009). Imaging findings of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with emphasis on early magnetic resonance imaging findings. Journal of computer assisted tomography, 33(2), 298-304. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e31817e4986.
17. Liu, G., He, J., Zhang, C., Fu, S., & He, Y. (2014). Lymphadenoma of the salivary gland: report of 10 cases. Oncology letters, 7(4), 1097-1101. doi: 10.3892/ol.2014.1827.
18. Meyer, J. S., Hoffer, F. A., Barnes, P. D., & Mulliken, J. B. (1991). Biological classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies: MR correlation. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 157(3), 559-564. doi: 10.2214/ajr.157.3.1872245.
19. Moser, E. (2010). Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance: Why and when?. World journal of radiology, 2(1), 37. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v2.i1.37
20. Müller, N. L. (2002). Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: past, present and future. European Respiratory Journal, 19(35 suppl), 3s-12s.
21. Probst, F. A., Probst, M., Pautke, C., Kaltsi, E., Otto, S., Schiel, S., ... & Müller-Lisse, U. G. (2015). Magnetic resonance imaging: a useful tool to distinguish between keratocystic odontogenic tumours and odontogenic cysts. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 53(3), 217-222.
22. Sano, T., & Westesson, P. L. (1995). Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint: increased T2 signal in the retrodiskal tissue of painful joints. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 79(4), 511-516. doi: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80138-6.
23. van der Zwaag, W., Francis, S., Head, K., Peters, A., Gowland, P., Morris, P., & Bowtell, R. (2009). fMRI at 1.5, 3 and 7 T: characterising BOLD signal changes. Neuroimage, 47(4), 1425-1434. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.015
24. Vargas, M. I., Martelli, P., Xin, L., Ipek, O., Grouiller, F., Pittau, F., ... & Lazeyras, F. (2018). Clinical neuroimaging using 7 T MRI: challenges and prospects. Journal of Neuroimaging, 28(1), 5-13. doi: 10.1111/jon.12481
25. White, S. C., & Pharoh, M. J. (2009). Diagnostic Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint. Oral Radiology- Principles and Interpretation, 6, 473-505.