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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 1 Ağustos 2026
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING

Öz

This study examines the global health impact of obesity at the World Health Organization (WHO) regional level and generates near-term forecasts of adult obesity prevalence for 2020–2022 using a region fixed-effects multiple linear regression model on a regional-year panel. Region-year observations (n = 60) for the six WHO regions were retrieved automatically from the WHO Global Health Observatory OData API for 2010–2019 via a Python 3.11 script. A two-stage strategy was applied: four predictors (overweight, underweight, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure) were projected to 2020–2022 by simple linear regression; obesity prevalence was then modeled with region fixed-effects multiple linear regression. Out-of-sample accuracy was assessed through a time-ordered backtest (training: 2010–2017; test: 2018–2019). The model achieved R² = 0.9989 and a backtest mean absolute percentage error of 4.02%. Overweight (β = +0.7385), underweight (β = +0.8094), and physical inactivity (β = +0.2232) showed significant positive associations with obesity (all p < 0.01). Forecast 2022 prevalences were 32.96% (Americas), 27.94% (Eastern Mediterranean), 22.13% (Europe), 11.23% (Africa), 9.66% (Western Pacific), and 7.53% (South-East Asia). Region fixed-effects panel regression delivers high accuracy and interpretability for near-term obesity forecasting and yields region-specific insights translatable into policy under the 6P framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no external funding.

Etik Beyan

This study used publicly available, fully anonymized aggregated data obtained from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory. Therefore, no ethical approval or informed consent was required.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the World Health Organization for providing open access to the Global Health Observatory data.

Kaynakça

  1. An, R., Shen, J., & Xiao, Y. (2022). Applications of artificial intelligence to obesity research: Scoping review of methodologies. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(12), e40589. https://doi.org/10.2196/40589
  2. Berberoğlu, Z., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2021). Küresel sağlık sorunu "obezite": Güncel bir gözden geçirme. Celal Bayar University Journal of Sciences and Health, 8(3), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.886473
  3. Bergmeir, C., Hyndman, R. J., & Koo, B. (2018). A note on the validity of cross-validation for evaluating autoregressive time series prediction. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 120, 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2017.11.003
  4. Bray, G. A., Kim, K. K., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2017). Obesity: A chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obesity Reviews, 18(7), 715–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12551
  5. Chen, Y., Ma, L., Han, Z., & Xiong, P. (2024). The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 204 countries and territories: Findings from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(9), 3998–4010. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15748
  6. Choong, C., Brnabic, A., Chinthammit, C., et al. (2024). Applying machine learning approaches for predicting obesity risk using US health administrative claims database. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 12(5), e004193. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004193
  7. Cohen, J. (1990). Things I have learned (so far). American Psychologist, 45(12), 1304–1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.12.1304
  8. Dinsa, G. D., Goryakin, Y., Fumagalli, E., & Suhrcke, M. (2012). Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 13(11), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01017.x

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sağlık Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

15 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ergen, O. G., Görgülü, M., & Oktay, İ. (2026). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences, 8(2), 19-30. https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA
AMA
1.Ergen OG, Görgülü M, Oktay İ. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences. 2026;8(2):19-30. https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA
Chicago
Ergen, Onur Gürcan, Mehmet Görgülü, ve İnci Oktay. 2026. “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING”. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences 8 (2): 19-30. https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA.
EndNote
Ergen OG, Görgülü M, Oktay İ (01 Ağustos 2026) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences 8 2 19–30.
IEEE
[1]O. G. Ergen, M. Görgülü, ve İ. Oktay, “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING”, Aurum Journal of Health Sciences, c. 8, sy 2, ss. 19–30, Ağu. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA
ISNAD
Ergen, Onur Gürcan - Görgülü, Mehmet - Oktay, İnci. “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING”. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences 8/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 19-30. https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA.
JAMA
1.Ergen OG, Görgülü M, Oktay İ. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences. 2026;8:19–30.
MLA
Ergen, Onur Gürcan, vd. “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING”. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences, c. 8, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 19-30, https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA.
Vancouver
1.Onur Gürcan Ergen, Mehmet Görgülü, İnci Oktay. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE: A REGION FIXED-EFFECTS APPROACH TO THE GLOBAL HEALTH IMPACT OF OBESITY AND ITS NEAR-TERM FORECASTING. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences [Internet]. 01 Ağustos 2026;8(2):19-30. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA48NK93TA