Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws

Öz

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse drug reaction, including of bone destruction in the jaws. Osteonecrosis of the jaws can be caused by two pharmacological agents: antiresorptive (including bisphosphonates (BPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand [RANK-L] inhibitors) and antiangiogenic. Among the drugs associated with the development of MRONJ, BPs are the most widely used for a wide variety of clinical indications. Bisphosphonates are used in bone metabolism-related diseases such as Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, but mainly in lung, prostate, breast carcinomas, multiple myeloma and osteoporosis. The effect of the drug depends on the dose and duration of administration. Epidemiological studies showed that long-term use of these drugs may increase the risk of MRONJ development. The purpose of this review is to define the current information about MRONJ, the management strategies and preventive measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biphosphonate,drug therapy,osteochemonecrosis,osteonecrosis of the jaw

Kaynakça

1. Alberto, A., Gabizon, M. D. (2001). Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: metamorphosis of an old drug into a new form of chemotherapy. Cancer Invest, 19, 424.
2. Beck, K. E., Blansfield, J. A., Tran, K. Q., Feldman, A. L., Hughes, M. S., Royal, R. E., Kammula, U. S., Topalian, S. L., Sherry, R. M., Kleiner, D., Quezado, M., Lowy, I., Yellin, M., Rosenberg, S. A., Yang, J. C. (2006). Enterocolitis in patients with cancer after antibody blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4. J Clin Oncol, 24, 283-289.
3. Buggins, A. G., Mufti, G. J., Salisbury, J., Codd, J., Westwood, N., Arno, M., Fishlock, K., Pagliuca, A., Devereux, S. (2002). Peripheral blood but not tissue dendritic cells express CD52 and are depleted by treatment with alemtuzumab. Blood, 100, 1715-1720.
4. Chamuleau, M. E., van de Loosdrecht, A. A., Huijgens, P. C. (2010). Monoclonal antibody therapy in haematological malignancies. Curr Clin Pharmacol, 5,148-159.
5. de Boissieu, P., Kanagaratnam, L., Mahmoudi, R., Morel, A., Drame, M., Trenque, T. (2017). Adjudication of osteonecrosis of the jaw in phase III randomized controlled trials of denosumab: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 73, 517- 523.
6. Demirkazık, A., Özal, G. (2010). Prostat kanserinde hedefe yönelik tedavinin yeri. Üroonkoloji Bülteni, 2, 64-68.
7. Doğan, L. A., Güç, D. (2004). Sinyal iletimi mekanizmaları ve kanser. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi, 35, 34-42.
8. Doğan, Ö. O., Kurtuluş, B., Çevik, P. (2009). Bifosfonat kullanan hastalarda oral cerrahi uygulamalarda karşılaşılabilecek sorunlar ve tedavisi. Istanbul Univ Dishekim Fak Derg, 43, 113-122.

9. Dumlu, A., Varol, A., Yalçınkaya, Ş., Özbayrak, S. (2011). Oral ve intravenöz bifosfonat kaynaklı çene osteonekrozu. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci, 17, 70-75.
10. Elloumi, J., Jellali, K., Jemel, I., Aifa, S. (2012). Monoclonal antibodies as cancer therapeutics. Recent Pat Biotechnol, 6, 45-56.
11. Erdoğan, M. A. (2019). Cancer, drug targeting and targeted therapies. Asian Journal of Emerging Research, 1(2), 69-81.
12. Eskiizmir, G., Ermertcan, A. T., Yapici, K. (2017). Nanomaterials: promising structures for the management of oral cancer. 1st Ed., Andronescu E, Grumezesc A. (Eds), Nanostructures for Oral Medicine, Elsevier, Philadelphia, United States, pp. 511-544.
13. Fizazi, K., Sternberg, C. N., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Watson, R. W., Tabesh, M. (2010). Role of targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int, 105, 748-767.
14. Font, R. G., García, M. L., Martínez, J. M. (2008). Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws due to bisphosphonate treatment. Update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 13, E318-24.
15. Fukumura, D., Jain, R. K. (2007). Tumor microvasculature and microenvironment: targets for antiangiogenesis and normalization. Microvasc Res, 74, 72.
16. Greish, K. (2007). Enhanced permeability and retention of macromolecular drugs in solid tumors: a royal gate for targeted anticancer nanomedicines. J Drug Target, 15, 457.
17. Hamid, O. (2004). Emerging treatments in oncology: focus on tyrosine kinase (erbB) receptor inhibitors. J Am Pharm Assoc, 44, 52-58
18. Harris, A. L. (2002). Hypoxia- a key regulatory factor in tumour growth, Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 38.
19. Maloney, D. G., Grillo-López, A. J., White, C. A., Bodkin, D., Schilder, R. J., Neidhart, J. A., Janakiraman, N., Foon, K. A., Liles, T. M., Dallaire, B. K., Wey, K., Royston, I., D Hashizume, H., Baluk, P., Morikawa, S., McLean, J. W., Thurston, G., Roberge, S., Jain, R. K., McDonald, D. M. (2000). Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness. Am J Pathol, 156, 1363.
20. Henry, D., von Moos R., Vadhan-Raj, S., Hungria, V., Spencer, A., Hirsh, V., Wang, J., Jun, S., Yeh, H., Dansey, R. (2009). A double blind randomized study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastasis in patients with advanced cancer. Eur J Cancer, 7(suppl), 11.
21. Hodi, F. S., O’Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., et al. (2010). Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med, 363, 711–723.
22. Hurwitz, H., Fehrenbacher, L., Novotny, W., Cartwright, T., Hainsworth, J., Heim, W., Berlin, J., Baron, A., Griffing, S., Holmgren, E., Ferrara, N., Fyfe, G., Rogers, B., Ross, R., Kabbinavar, F. (2004). Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 350, 2335–2342.
23. Jain, R. K. (2003). Molecular regulation of vessel maturation, Nat Med, 9, 685.
24. Kaş, H. S., Eldem, T. (2002). Kontrollü salım sistemlerinin hedeflendirilmesi. Gürsoy, A. (Editor), Kontrollü salım sistemleri, Kontrollü Salım Sistemleri Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, pp. 308.
25. Keating, M. J., Cazin, B., Coutre, S., Birhiray, R., Kovacsovics, T., Langer, W., Leber, B., Maughan, T., Rai, K., Tjønnfjord, G., Bekradda, M., Itzhaki, M., Hérait, P. (2002). Campath-1H treatment of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in patients for whom at least one prior chemotherapy regimen has failed. J Clin Oncol, 20, 205–213.
26. Khan, A. A., Morrison, A., Hanley, D. A., et al. (2015). Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res, 30, 3-23.
27. Khan, A. A., Morrison, A., Kendler, D. L., et al. (2017). Case-based review of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and application of the international recommendations for management from the international task force on ONJ. J Clin Densitom, 20, 8-24.
28. Kopecek, J., Kopeckova, P., Minko, T., Lu, Z. R., Peterson, C. M. (2001). Water soluble polymers in tumor targeted delivery, J Control Release, 74, 147.
29. Kraft, A., Weindel, K., Ochs, A., Marth, C., Zmija, J., Schumacher, P., Unger, C., Marmé, D., Gastl, G. (1999). Vascular endothelial growth factor in the sera and effusions of patients with malignant and nonmalignant disease. Cancer, 85, 178-187.
30. Lammers, T., Hennink, W. E., Storm, G. (2008). Tumour targeted nanomedicines: principles and practice, Brit J Cancer, 99, 392.
31. Leaf, C. (2004). Why we are losing the war on cancer (and how to win it), Fortune, 149, 84.
32. Los, M., Roodhart, J. M., Voest, E. E. (2007). Target practice: lessons from phase III trials with bevacizumab and vatalanib in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. The Oncologist, 12, 443-450.
33. Macfarlane, R. J., Chi, K. N. (2010). Nover targeted therapies for prostate cancer. Urol Clin N Am, 37, 105-119.
34. Davis, T., Levy, R. (1997). IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood, 90, 2188-2195.
35. Marx, R. E. (2003). Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 61, 1115-1117.
36. Marx, R. E. (2011). Oral and intravenous bisphosphonate–induced osteonecrosis of the jaws: history, etiology, prevention, and treatment. 2nd edition, Quintessence.
37. Matsumura, Y., Maeda, H. (1986). A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res, 46, 6387.
38. Nicolatou-Galitis, O., Schiødt, M., Mendes, R.A., Ripamonti, C., Hope, S., Drudge-Coates, L., Niepel, D., Van den Wyngaert, T. (2019). Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: definition and best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 127,117-135.
39. Özbayrak, S., Pekiner, F. (2016). Ağız kanserleri, erken tanı bakımından diş hekimliği, Quintessence Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
40. Özbayrak, S. (2017). Oral mukoza ve hastalıkları. 3. Baskı, Quintessence Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
41. Pekiner, F. N. (2014). Bifosfonatlara bağlı olarak gelişen osteonekroz. Dental Klinik Dergisi, 8, 30-35.
42. Piccaluga, P. P., Agostinelli, C., Righi, S., Zinzani, P. L., Pileri, S. A. (2007). Expression of CD52 in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Haematologica, 92, 566-567.
43. Press, M. F., Pike, M. C., Chazin, V. R., Hung, G., Udove, J. A., Markowicz, M., Danyluk, J., Godolphin, W., Sliwkowski, M., Akita, R., et al. (1993). HER-2/neu expression in nodenegative breast cancer: direct tissue quantitation by computerized image analysis and association of overexpression with increased risk of recurrent disease. Cancer Res, 53, 4960-4970.
44. Ratzinger, G., Reagan, J. L., Heller, G., Busam, K. J., Young, J. W. (2003). Differential CD52 expression by distinct myeloid dendritic cell subsets: implications for alemtuzumab activity at the level of antigen presentation in allogeneic graft-host interactions in transplantation. Blood, 101, 1422- 1429.
45. Ravdin, P. M., Chamness, G. C. (1995). The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer: a paradigm aborat development of other macromolecular markers-a review. Gene, 159, 19-27.
46. Reff, M. E., Carner, K., Chambers, K. S., Chinn, P. C., Leonard, J. E., Raab, R., Newman, R. A., Hanna, N., Anderson, D. R. (1994). Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood, 83, 435–445.
47. Riechmann, L., Clark, M., Waldmann, H., Winter, G. (1988). Reshaping human antibodies for therapy. Nature, 332, 323-327.
48. Rosella, D., Papi, P., Giardino, R., Cicalini, E., Piccoli, L., Pompa, G. (2016). Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: clinical and practical guidelines. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 6,97-104.
49. Ruggiero, S. L., Dodson, T. B., Fantasia, J., Goodday, R., Aghaloo, T., Mehrotra, B., O’Ryan, F. (2014). American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw-2014 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 72, 1938–1956.
50. Seshadri, R., Firgaira, F. A., Horsfall, D. J., McCaul, K., Setlur, V., Kitchen, P. (1993). Clinical significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 11, 1936-1942.
51. Slamon, D. J., Leyland-Jones, B., Shak, S., Fuchs, H., Paton, V., Bajamonde, A., Fleming, T., Eiermann, W., Wolter, J., Pegram, M., Baselga, J., Norton, L. (2001). Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med, 344, 783-792.
52. Şakalar, Ç., İzgi, K., Canatan, H. (2013). Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. F.Ü. Sağ Bil Tıp Derg, 27(2), 105-110.
53. Tatum, J. L., Kelloff, G. J., Gillies, R. J., Arbeit, J. M., Brown, J. M., Chao, K. S., Chapman, J. D., Eckelman, W. C., Fyles, A. W., Giaccia, A. J., Hill, R. P., Koch, C. J., Krishna, M. C., Krohn, K. A. (2006). Hypoxia: importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy. Int J Radiat Biol, 82, 699.
54. Taylor, K. H., Middlefell, L. S., Mizen, K. D. (2010). Osteonecrosis of the jaws induced by anti-RANK ligand therapy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 48, 221-223. Waldmann, T. A. (2003). Immunotherapy: past, present and future. Nature Medicine, 9, 269–277.
55. Wu, J., Akaike, T., Maeda, H. (1998). Modulation of enhanced vascular permeability in tumors by a bradykinin antagonist, a cyclooxygenase ınhibitor, and a nitric oxide scavenger. Cancer Res, 58.
56. Yoneda, T., Hagino, H., Sugimoto, T., Ohta, H., Takahashi, S., Soen, S., Taguchi, A., Nagata, T., Urade, M., Shibahara, T., Toyosawa, S. (2017). J Bone Miner Metab, 35, 6-19.
57. Yuan, F., Dellian, M., Fukumura, D., Leunig, M., Berk, D. A., Torchilin, V. P., Jain, R. K. (1995). Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: molecular size dependence and cutoff size. Cancer Res, 55, 3752.