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Bleaching of Nonvital Teeth: A Review

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 91 - 114, 31.05.2020

Öz

The teeth frequently become discolored in time due to the endodontic treatment residues in the pulp chamber or hemolytic products accumulated in the dentine tubules after trauma. This condition may cause psychosocial problems for patients. Nonvital bleaching has gained popularity due to its conservative nature and low cost to overcome this unpleasant condition. This article will give an overview of nonvital bleaching techniques: materials and regimens used, bleaching procedure and side-effects.

Teşekkür

The author presents his gratitude to Dr. Rana Turunc-Oguzman for her contribution on the nonvital power bleaching case.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, P., Heah, S. Y. S. (2009). Internal bleaching of teeth: an analysis of 255 teeth. Australian Dental Journal, 54(4), 326–333.
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  • Abraham, S., Ghonmode, W. N., Saujanya, K. P., Jaju, N., Tambe, V. H., Yawalikar, P. P. (2013). Effect of grape seed extracts on bond strength of bleached enamel using fifth and seventh generation bonding agents. Journal of International Oral Health, 5(6), 101–107.
  • Al-Nazhan, S. (1991). External root resorption after bleaching: a case report. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 72(5), 607–609.
  • Aldecoa, E. A., Mayordomo, F. G. (1992). Modified internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discoloration: a 6-year clinical evaluation. Quintessence International, 23(2), 83–89.
  • Amato, M., Scaravilli, M. S., Farella, M., Riccitiello, F. (2006). Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: longterm evaluation of a case series. Journal of Endodontics, 32(4), 376–378.
  • Andreasen, F. M. (1986). Transient apical breakdown and its relation to color and sensibility changes after luxation injuries to teeth. Dental Traumatology, 2(1), 9–19.
  • Anitua, E., Zabalegui, B., Gil, J., Gascon, F. (1990). Internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discolorations: four-year clinical evaluation. Quintessence International, 21(10), 783–788.
  • Arens, D. (1989). The role of bleaching in esthetics. Dental Clinics of North America, 33(2), 319–336.
  • Ari, H., Ungor, M. (2002). In vitro comparison of different types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 35(5), 433–436.
  • Attin, T., F. Ajam, P. F., Lennon, A. M. (2003). Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. International Endodontic Journal, 36(5), 313–329.
  • Baratieri, L. N., Ritter, A. V., Monteiro, S. Jr., Caldeira de Andrada, M. A., Cardoso Vieira, L. C. (1995). Nonvital tooth bleaching: guidelines for the clinician. Quintessence International, 26(9), 597–608.
  • Belobrov, I., Parashos, P. (2011). Treatment of tooth discoloration after the use of white mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of Endodontics, 37(7), 1017–1020.
  • Benetti, A. R., Valera, M. C., Mancini, M. N., Miranda, C. B., Balducci, I. (2004). In vitro penetration of bleaching agents into the pulp chamber. International Endodontic Journal, 37(2), 120–124.
  • Benni, D. B., Naik, S. N., Subbareddy, V. V. (2014). An in vitro study to evaluate the effect of two ethanol based and two acetone-based dental bonding agents on the bond strength of composite to enamel treated with 10% carbamide peroxide. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 32(3), 207–211.
  • Bersezio, C., Martin, J., Peña, F., Rubio, M., Estay, J., Vernal, R., Junior, O. O., Fernández E. (2017). Effectiveness and impact of the walking bleach technique on esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Operative Dentistry, 42(6), 596–605.
  • Bizhang, M., Heiden, A., Blunck, U., Zimmer, S., Seemann, R., Roulet, J. F. (2003). Intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Operative Dentistry, 28(4), 334–340.
  • Boutsioukis, C., Noula, G., Lambrianidis, T. (2008). Ex vivo study of the efficiency of two techniques for the removal of mineral trioxide aggregate used as a root canal filling material. Journal of Endodontics, 34(10), 1239–1242.
  • Brown, G. (1965). Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 20(2), 238–244.
  • Bulut, H., Turkun, M., Demirbas, Kaya, A. (2006). Effect of an antioxidizing agent on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to bleached human enamel. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 129(2), 266–272.
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  • van der Burgt, T. P., Plasschaert, A. J. (1985). Tooth discoloration induced by dental materials. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 60(6), 666–669.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Plasschaert, A. J. (1986). Bleaching of tooth discoloration caused by endodontic sealers. Journal of Endodontics, 12(6), 231–234.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Eronat, C., Plasschaert, A. J. (1986b). Staining patterns in teeth discolored by endodontic sealers. Journal of Endodontics, 12(5), 187–191.
  • Carrillo, A., Arredondo Trevino, M. V., Haywood, V. B. (1998). Simultaneous bleaching of vital teeth and an open-chamber nonvital tooth with 10% carbamide peroxide. Quintessence International, 29(10), 643–648.
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 91 - 114, 31.05.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, P., Heah, S. Y. S. (2009). Internal bleaching of teeth: an analysis of 255 teeth. Australian Dental Journal, 54(4), 326–333.
  • Abbott, P. V. (1997). Aesthetic considerations in endodontics: Internal bleaching. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, 9(7), 833–842.
  • Abou-Rass, M. (1998). Long-term prognosis of intentional endodontics and internal bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 19(10), 1034–1038, 1040–1042, 1044 passim.
  • Abraham, S., Ghonmode, W. N., Saujanya, K. P., Jaju, N., Tambe, V. H., Yawalikar, P. P. (2013). Effect of grape seed extracts on bond strength of bleached enamel using fifth and seventh generation bonding agents. Journal of International Oral Health, 5(6), 101–107.
  • Al-Nazhan, S. (1991). External root resorption after bleaching: a case report. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 72(5), 607–609.
  • Aldecoa, E. A., Mayordomo, F. G. (1992). Modified internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discoloration: a 6-year clinical evaluation. Quintessence International, 23(2), 83–89.
  • Amato, M., Scaravilli, M. S., Farella, M., Riccitiello, F. (2006). Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: longterm evaluation of a case series. Journal of Endodontics, 32(4), 376–378.
  • Andreasen, F. M. (1986). Transient apical breakdown and its relation to color and sensibility changes after luxation injuries to teeth. Dental Traumatology, 2(1), 9–19.
  • Anitua, E., Zabalegui, B., Gil, J., Gascon, F. (1990). Internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discolorations: four-year clinical evaluation. Quintessence International, 21(10), 783–788.
  • Arens, D. (1989). The role of bleaching in esthetics. Dental Clinics of North America, 33(2), 319–336.
  • Ari, H., Ungor, M. (2002). In vitro comparison of different types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 35(5), 433–436.
  • Attin, T., F. Ajam, P. F., Lennon, A. M. (2003). Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. International Endodontic Journal, 36(5), 313–329.
  • Baratieri, L. N., Ritter, A. V., Monteiro, S. Jr., Caldeira de Andrada, M. A., Cardoso Vieira, L. C. (1995). Nonvital tooth bleaching: guidelines for the clinician. Quintessence International, 26(9), 597–608.
  • Belobrov, I., Parashos, P. (2011). Treatment of tooth discoloration after the use of white mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of Endodontics, 37(7), 1017–1020.
  • Benetti, A. R., Valera, M. C., Mancini, M. N., Miranda, C. B., Balducci, I. (2004). In vitro penetration of bleaching agents into the pulp chamber. International Endodontic Journal, 37(2), 120–124.
  • Benni, D. B., Naik, S. N., Subbareddy, V. V. (2014). An in vitro study to evaluate the effect of two ethanol based and two acetone-based dental bonding agents on the bond strength of composite to enamel treated with 10% carbamide peroxide. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 32(3), 207–211.
  • Bersezio, C., Martin, J., Peña, F., Rubio, M., Estay, J., Vernal, R., Junior, O. O., Fernández E. (2017). Effectiveness and impact of the walking bleach technique on esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Operative Dentistry, 42(6), 596–605.
  • Bizhang, M., Heiden, A., Blunck, U., Zimmer, S., Seemann, R., Roulet, J. F. (2003). Intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Operative Dentistry, 28(4), 334–340.
  • Boutsioukis, C., Noula, G., Lambrianidis, T. (2008). Ex vivo study of the efficiency of two techniques for the removal of mineral trioxide aggregate used as a root canal filling material. Journal of Endodontics, 34(10), 1239–1242.
  • Brown, G. (1965). Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 20(2), 238–244.
  • Bulut, H., Turkun, M., Demirbas, Kaya, A. (2006). Effect of an antioxidizing agent on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to bleached human enamel. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 129(2), 266–272.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Mullaney, T. P., Plasschaert, A. J. (1986a). Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic sealers. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 61(1), 84–89.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Plasschaert, A. J. (1985). Tooth discoloration induced by dental materials. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 60(6), 666–669.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Plasschaert, A. J. (1986). Bleaching of tooth discoloration caused by endodontic sealers. Journal of Endodontics, 12(6), 231–234.
  • van der Burgt, T. P., Eronat, C., Plasschaert, A. J. (1986b). Staining patterns in teeth discolored by endodontic sealers. Journal of Endodontics, 12(5), 187–191.
  • Carrillo, A., Arredondo Trevino, M. V., Haywood, V. B. (1998). Simultaneous bleaching of vital teeth and an open-chamber nonvital tooth with 10% carbamide peroxide. Quintessence International, 29(10), 643–648.
  • Christensen, G. (2003) New generation in-office vital tooth bleaching, part 2. Clinical Research Associates (CRA) Newsletter, 3(27), 1–3.
  • Chng, H. K., Ramli, H. N., Yap, A. U. J., Lim, C. T. (2005). Effect of hydrogen peroxide on intertubular dentine. Journal of Dentistry, 33(5), 363–369.
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  • Naik, S., Hegde, A. H. (2005). Mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars: an in vivo study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 23(1), 13–16.
  • Heithersay, G. S. (1999a). Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors. Quintessence International, 30(2), 83–95.
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  • Heithersay, G. S., Dahlstrom, S. W., Marin, P. D. (1994). Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root‐filled teeth. Australian Dental Journal, 39(2), 82–87.
  • Heller, D., Skriber, J., Lin, L. M. (1992). Effect of intracoronal bleaching on external cervical root resorption. Journal of Endodontics, 18(4), 145–148.
  • Ho, S. and Goerig, A. C. (1989). An in vitro comparison of different bleaching agents in the discolored tooth. Journal of Endodontics, 15(3), 106–111.
  • Holland, R., de Souza, V., Nery, M. J., Faraco Júnior, I. M., Bernabé, P. F., Otoboni Filho, J. A., Dezan Júnior, E. (2001). Reaction of rat connective tissue to implanted dentin tube filled with mineral trioxide aggregate, portland cement or calcium hydroxide. Brazilian Dental Journal, 12(1), 3–8.
  • Holmstrup. G., Palm. A. M., Lambjerg‐Hansen. H. (1988). Bleaching of discoloured root‐filled teeth. Dental Traumatology, 4(5), 197–201.
  • Howell, R. A. (1980). Bleaching discoloured root-filled teeth. British Dental Journal, 148(6), 159–162.
  • Joiner, A. (2004). Tooth colour: a review of the literature. Journal of Dentistry, 32(SUPPL.), 3–12.
  • Khamverdi, Z., Rezaei-Soufi, L., Kasraei, S., Ronasi, N., Rostami, S. (2013). Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel: an in vitro study. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(4), 241–247.
  • Kihn, P. W. (2007). Vital tooth whitening. Dental Clinics of North America, 51(2), 319–331.
  • Kim, S. T., Abbott, P. V., McGinley, P. (2000). The effects of ledermix paste on discolouration of mature teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 33(3), 227–232.
  • Lado, E. A., Stanley, H. R., Weisman, M. I. (1983). Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 55(1), 78–80.
  • Lago, A. N. D., Garone-Netto, N. (2013). Microtensile bond strength of enamel after bleaching. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 24(1), 104–109.
  • Lambrianidis, T., Kapalas, A., Mazinis, M. (2002). Effect of calcium hydroxide as a supplementary barrier in the radicular penetration of hydrogen peroxide during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. International Endodontic Journal, 35(12), 985–990.
  • Latcham, N. L. (1986). Postbleaching cervical resorption. Journal of Endodontics, 12(6), 262–264.
  • Latcham, N. L. (1991). Management of a patient with severe postbleaching cervical resorption. A clinical report. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 65(5), 603–605.
  • Lee, G. P., Lee, M. Y., Lum, S. O., Poh, R. S., Lim, K. C. (2004). Extraradicular diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and ph changes associated with intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth using different bleaching agents. International Endodontic Journal, 37(7), 500–506.
  • Lim, K. C. (2004). Considerations in intracoronal bleaching. Australian Endodontic Journal, 30(2), 69–73.
  • Llena, C., Collado-González, M., García-Bernal, D., Oñate-Sánchez, R. E., Martínez, C. M., Moraleda, J. M., Rodríguez-Lozano, F. J., Forner, L. (2019). Comparison of diffusion, cytotoxicity and tissue inflammatory reactions of four commercial bleaching products against human dental pulp stem cells. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 7743.
  • MacIsaac, A. M. and Hoen, C. M. (1994). Intracoronal bleaching: concerns and considerations. Journal Canadian Dental Association, 60(1), 57–64.
  • Madison, S. and Walton, R. (1990). Cervical root resorption following bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. Journal of Endodontics, 16(12), 570–574.
  • Maroto, M., Barbería, E., Vera, V., García-Godoy, F. (2006). Dentin bridge formation after white mineral trioxide aggregate (white mta) pulpotomies in primary molars. American Journal of Dentistry, 19(2), 75–79.
  • McEvoy, S. A. (1989). Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth. Ii. Current techniques and their clinical application. Quintessence International, 20(6), 379–384.
  • Miranda, T. A., Moura, S. K., Amorim, V. H., Terada, R. S., Pascotto, R. C. (2013). Influence of exposure time to saliva and antioxidant treatment on bond strength to enamel after tooth bleaching: an in situ study. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 21(6), 567–574.
  • Montgomery, S. (1984). External cervical resorption after bleaching a pulpless tooth. Oral Surgery, Ora Medicine, Oral Pathology, 57(2), 203–206.
  • Niederman, R., Ferguson, M., Urdaneta, R., Badovinac, R., Christie, D., Tantraphol, M., Rasool, F. (1998). Evidence-based esthetic dentistry. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 10(5), 229–234.
  • Nutting, E. B. and Poe, G. S. (1963). A new combination for bleaching teeth. Journal Southern California Dental Association 31, 289–301.
  • Lise, P., Siedschlag, D. G., Bernardon, J. K., Baratieri, L. N. (2018). Randomized clinical trial of 2 nonvital toothb leaching techniques: a 1-year follow-up. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 119(1), 53–59.
  • Plotino, G., Buono, L., Grande, N. M., Pameijer, C. H., Somma, F. (2008). Nonvital tooth bleaching: a review of the literature and clinical procedures. Journal of Endodontics, 34(4), 394–407.
  • Poyser, N. J., Kelleher, M. G. D., Briggs, P. F. A. (2004). Managing discoloured non-vital teeth: the inside/outside bleaching technique. Dental Update, 31(4), 213–214.
  • Rose, R. C. and Bode, A. M. (1993). Biology of free radical scavengers: an evaluation of ascorbate. FASEB Journal, 7(12), 1135–1142.
  • Rostein, I. (2002). Tooth discoloration and bleaching. In Endodontics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: BC Decker Inc., 845–860.
  • Rotstein, I. (2001). Bleaching techniques in restorative dentistry. In bleaching techniques in restorative dentistry, London, 159–163.
  • Rotstein, I. and Friedman, S. (1991). PH variation among materials used for intracoronal bleaching. Journal of Endodontics, 17(8), 376–379.
  • Rotstein, I., Zyskind, D., Lewinstein, I., Bamberger, N. (1992). Effect of different protective base materials on hydrogen peroxide leakage during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. Journal of Endodontics, 18(3), 114–117.
  • Schubert, D. M. and Brotherton, R. J. (1994). Boron: inorganic chemistry. In Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK; p. 372.
  • Settembrini, L., Gultz, J., Kaim, J., Scherer, W. (1997). A technique for bleaching nonvital teeth: inside/outside bleaching. Journal of the American Dental Association, 128(9), 1283–1284.
  • Shaheen, M. A., Elkateb, M. A., Bakry, N. S., El Meligy, O. A. (2017). Efficacy of 10 percent carbamide peroxide as an intracoronal bleaching agent in nonvital discolored primary teeth: an in vitro study. Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chicago, Ill), 84(1), 22–29.
  • Soeno, K., Taira, Y., Jimbo, R., Sawase, T. (2008). Surface treatment with ascorbic acid and ferric chloride improves the micro-tensile bond strength of 4-meta/mma-tbb resin to dentin. Journal of Dentistry, 36(11), 940–944.
  • Spasser, H. F. (1961). A simple bleaching technique using sodium perborate. NY State Dental Journal, 27, 332–334.
  • Steiner, D. R. and West J. D. (1994). A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier. Journal of Endodontics, 20(6), 304–306.
  • Sulieman, M. (2004). An overview of bleaching techniques: history, chemistry, safety and legal aspects. Dental Update, 31(10), 608–616.
  • Sulieman, M. (2008). An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontology 2000, 48(1), 148–169.
  • Szajkis, S., Tagger, M., Tamse, A. (1986). Bleaching of root canal treated teeth and cervical external resorption: review of the literature. Refuat Hashinayim, 4(2), 10–12.
  • Tronstad, L., Andreasen, J. O., Hasselgren, G., Kristerson, L., Riis, I. (1981). PH changes in dental tissues after root canal filling with calcium hydroxide. Journal of Endodontics, 7(1), 17–21.
  • Truman, J. (1864). Bleaching of non-vital discoloured anterior teeth. Dent Times, 1, 69–72.
  • Turkun, M., Celik, E. U., Demirbaş Kaya, A., Arici, M. (2009). Can the hydrogel form of sodium ascorbate be used to reverse compromised bond strength after bleaching? The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(1), 35–40.
  • Valera, M. C., Camargo, C. H., Carvalho, C. A., de Oliveira, L. D., Camargo, S. E., Rodrigues, C. M. (2009). Effectiveness of carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate in non-vital discolored teeth. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 17(3), 254–261.
  • Vilhena, K. F. B., Nogueira, B. C. L., Fagundes, N. C. F., Loretto, S. C., Angelica, R. S., Lima, R. R., Silva, E., Souza, M. H. Jr. (2019). Dental enamel bleached for a prolonged and excessive time: morphological changes, PLos One, 14(4), e0214948.
  • Vogel, R. I. (1975). Intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration of the dentition. (a literature review). Journal of Oral Medicine, 30(4), 99–104.
  • Watts, A. and Addy, M. (2001). Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. British Dental Journal, 190(6), 309–316.
  • Ziemba, S. L., Felix, H., MacDonald, J., Ward, M. (2005). Clinical evaluation of a novel dental whitening lamp and light-catalyzed peroxide gel. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 16(4), 123–127.
  • Zimmerli, B., Strub, M., Jeger, F., Stadler, O., Lussi, A. (2010). Composite materials: composition, properties and clinical applications. A literature review. Schweizer Monatsschrift für Zahnmedizin, 120(11), 972–86.
Toplam 110 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Review
Yazarlar

Soner Şişmanoğlu 0000-0002-1272-5581

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 4 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şişmanoğlu, S. (2020). Bleaching of Nonvital Teeth: A Review. Aurum Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 91-114.