Araştırma Makalesi
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The Perception of Website Accessibility: A Survey of Turkish Software Professionals

Yıl 2020, , 42 - 71, 05.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2020.02.003.x

Öz

Websites become main information dissemination mechanism to a variety of audiences for a wide spectrum of organizations from commercial to governmental context. The universal design of this communication medium, which enables them to be accessible for all people, becomes an important issue. However, currently websites are still not accessible. One of the reason for this situation can be based on the lack of awareness and understanding of software professionals who develop them since they have the greatest influence.
In this study, the aim was to reveal the current situation among software professionals who contributed in any stage of the website development in Turkey by mainly focusing on their perceptions of website accessibility and related issues. A web-based questionnaire was implemented with 108 participants from academy, industry and government to reveal the perceptions regarding the relationship between accessibility, user experience (UX) and usability as well as professionals’ perspectives on related issues such as the need of a standard accessibility definition, accessibility evaluation methods, and accessibility drivers. The results showed that software professionals prefer inclusive definitions for website accessibility by relating it to all people. They think that accessibility, usability and UX are all related concepts and user-centered practices should be applied to enable the website accessibility. In addition, they think that legislations should be enabled to ensure web accessibility. Although the findings provides the snapshot of the Turkish situation regarding website accessibility perceptions, these perceptions are critical since they provide guidance on shared understanding for the accessibility community.

Kaynakça

  • Aizpurua, A., Harper, S., & Vigo, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between web accessibility and user experience. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 91, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.03.008
  • Antonelli, H. L., Rodrigues, S. S., Watanabe, W. M., & de Mattos Fortes, R. P. (2018). A survey on accessibility awareness of Brazilian web developers. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3218598
  • Arch, A. (2009). Web Accessibility for Older Users: Successes and Opportunities (Keynote). Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/1535654.1535655
  • Black, J. A., & Champion, D. J. (1976). „Methods and Issues in Social Research,‟ John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cao, S., & Loiacono, E. (2018). Perceptions of Web Accessibility Guidelines by Student Website and App Developers. 5.
  • Cojocar, G. S., & Guran, A. M. (2013). Evaluation of Romanian Academic Websites Accessibility. A Case Study. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Informatica, 58(4).
  • Enabled Group. (2005). ENABLED | Analysis. http://www.enabledweb.org/public_results/survey_results/analysis.html
  • TTB, (2009) Engellilerin Haklarına İlişkin Sözleşme. https://www.ttb.org.tr/mevzuat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=686:engeller-haklarina-k-slee&Itemid=36
  • The Ministry of Family and Social Policies, (2019). Erişilebilirlik—Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı—Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019, March 18). https://eyh.aile.gov.tr/erisilebilirlik
  • Ferreira, S. B. L., dos Santos, R. C., & da Silveira, D. S. (2007). Panorama of Brazilian web accessibility. Proceedings of the XXXI ANPAD Meeting-EnANPAD, Page 17p.
  • Freire, A. P., Russo, C. M., & Fortes, R. P. M. (2008). A survey on the accessibility awareness of people involved in web development projects in Brazil. Proceedings of the 2008 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1145/1368044.1368064
  • Hassenzahl, M. (2018). The thing and I: understanding the relationship between user and product. In Funology 2 (pp. 301-313). Springer, Cham.
  • Henry, S. L. (2007). Just Ask: Integrating Accessibility Throughout Design. Lulu.com.
  • Inal, Y., Rızvanoğlu, K., & Yesilada, Y. (2019). Web accessibility in Turkey: Awareness, understanding and practices of user experience professionals. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18(2), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0603-3
  • Insfran, E., & Fernandez, A. (2008). A Systematic Review of Usability Evaluation in Web Development. In S. Hartmann, X. Zhou, & M. Kirchberg (Eds.), Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2008 Workshops (pp. 81–91). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85200-1_10
  • Ismail, A., & Kuppusamy, K. S. (2018). Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 30(2), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.06.006
  • ISO 9241-20:2008. (2008). Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction —Part 20: Accessibility Guidelines for Information/Communication Technology (ICT) Equipment and Services. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9241:-20:ed-1:v1:en
  • ISO. (2019). ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems. https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html
  • KAMİS. (2019). Erişilebilirlik Nedir? https://kamis.gov.tr/erisebilirlik-nedir/
  • Kurt, S. (2017). Accessibility of Turkish university Web sites. Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-016-0468-x
  • Laux, L. (1998). Designing Web pages and applications for people with disabilities. Human Factors and Web Development, 87–95.
  • Lazar, J., Dudley-Sponaugle, A., & Greenidge, K.-D. (2004). Improving web accessibility: A study of webmaster perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(2), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.018
  • Lopes, R., Van Isacker, K., & Carriço, L. (2010). Redefining Assumptions: Accessibility and Its Stakeholders. In K. Miesenberger, J. Klaus, W. Zagler, & A. Karshmer (Eds.), Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 561–568). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_90
  • Menzi-Çetin, N., Alemdağ, E., Tüzün, H., & Yıldız, M. (2017). Evaluation of a university website’s usability for visually impaired students. Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(1), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-015-0430-3
  • Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann.
  • Nielsen, J. (1999). Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity. New Riders Publishing.
  • Offutt, J. (2002). Quality attributes of Web software applications. IEEE Software, 19(2), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.991329
  • Oppenheim, A. N. (2000). Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Paddison, C., & Englefield, P. (2004). Applying heuristics to accessibility inspections. Interacting with Computers, 16(3), 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2004.04.007
  • Petrie, H., & Kheir, O. (2007). The relationship between accessibility and usability of websites. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240688
  • Putnam, C., Wozniak, K., Zefeldt, M. J., Cheng, J., Caputo, M., & Duffield, C. (2012). How do professionals who create computing technologies consider accessibility? Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1145/2384916.2384932
  • Rosson, M. B., Ballin, J. F., Rode, J., & Toward, B. (2005). “Designing for the Web” Revisited: A Survey of Informal and Experienced Web Developers. In D. Lowe & M. Gaedke (Eds.), Web Engineering (pp. 522–532). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11531371_66
  • Section 508. (2018). Section508.gov | GSA Government-wide Section 508 Accessibility Program. https://www.section508.gov/
  • Shneiderman, B. (2000). Universal Usability. Commun. ACM, 43(5), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1145/332833.332843
  • Tangarife, T. M., & Mont’alvao, C. (2006). What the brazilian developers know about web accessibility and digital inclusion. Proceedings of the 6 USIHC-6 International Congress on Ergonomics, Usability, Interface Design and Human-Computer Interaction, Page 6p.
  • Thatcher, J., Burks, M., Heilmann, C., Henry, S. L., Kirkpatrick, A., Lauke, P. H., Lawson, B., Regan, B., Rutter, R., Urban, M., & Waddell, C. (2006). Web Accessibility: Web Standards and Regulatory Compliance. Apress. https://jimthatcher.com/book2/
  • Thompson, T., Burgstahler, S., & Comden, D. (2003). Research on Web Accessibility in Higher Education. 16.
  • Trewin, S., Cragun, B., Swart, C., Brezin, J., & Richards, J. (2010). Accessibility challenges and tool features: An IBM Web developer perspective. Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1805986.1806029
  • TurkStat, “Population and Housing Census 2011. (2019, March 18). https://eyh.aile.gov.tr/nufus-ve-konut-arastirmasi-2011
  • Vollenwyder, B., Iten, G. H., Brühlmann, F., Opwis, K., & Mekler, E. D. (2019). Salient beliefs influencing the intention to consider Web Accessibility. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.016
  • W3C. (1999). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT-TECHS/
  • W3C. (2008). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
  • W3C_WAI. (2019). Introduction to Web Accessibility. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/
  • Waddell, C., Regan, B., Henry, S. L., Burks, M. R., Thatcher, J., Urban, M. D., & Bohman, P. (2003). Constructing accessible web sites. Apress.
  • WAI. (2018). WAI. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). https://www.w3.org/WAI/
  • Who. (2019, March 18). WHO | World report on disability. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/
  • Yerlikaya, Z., & Onay Durdu, P. (2018). Yazılım Profesyonellerinin Web Erişilebilirliği Farkındalıkları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Türkiye’deki Durum. 12th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium.
  • Yesilada, Y., Chuter, A., & Henry, S. L. (2013). Shared web experiences: Barriers common to mobile device users and people with disabilities. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Http://Www. W3. Org/WAI.
  • Yesilada, Yeliz, Brajnik, G., Vigo, M., & Harper, S. (2015). Exploring perceptions of web accessibility: A survey approach. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(2), 119–134.
  • Yesilada, Yeliz, Brajnik, G., Vigo, M., & Harper, S. (2012). Understanding web accessibility and its drivers. Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, 19.
  • Zaphiris, P., & Ellis, R. D. (2001). Website usability and content accessibility of the top USA universities. https://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/5263

Web Sitelerinde Erişilebilirlik Algısı: Türk Yazılım Uzmanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2020, , 42 - 71, 05.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2020.02.003.x

Öz

Web siteleri, ticari alandan devlet kuruluşlarına kadar geniş bir yelpazede çeşitli kitlelere temel bilgi yayma mekanizması haline gelmiştir. Bu iletişim ortamının tüm insanlar için erişilebilir olmasını sağlayan evrensel tasarım önemli bir konu haline gelmektedir. Ancak, şu anda web sitelerinde halen erişilebilirlik problemleri mevcuttur. Bu durumun nedenlerinden biri, web sitelerini geliştiren ve üzerlerinde en büyük etkiye sahip oldukları düşünülen yazılım uzmanlarının farkındalık ve anlayış eksikliğine dayanabilir.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki web sitesi geliştirmenin herhangi bir aşamasında katkıda bulunan yazılım uzmanları arasındaki mevcut durumu, esas olarak web sitesi erişilebilirliği ve ilgili konulardaki algılarına odaklanarak ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Erişilebilirlik, kullanıcı deneyimi ve kullanılabilirlik arasındaki ilişkinin yanı sıra uzmanların standart erişilebilirlik tanımı, erişilebilirlik değerlendirme yöntemleri ve erişilebilirlik faktörleri gibi ilgili konulara ilişkin bakış açılarını ortaya çıkarmak için akademi, endüstri ve devlet kurumlarından 108 katılımcıyla web tabanlı bir anket uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, yazılım profesyonellerinin web sitesi erişilebilirliği için kapsayıcı tanımları tüm insanlarla ilişkilendirerek tercih ettiklerini göstermiştir. Erişilebilirlik, kullanılabilirlik ve kullanıcı deneyimi kavramlarının birbirleriyle ilişkili kavramlar olduğunu ve web sitesi erişilebilirliğini sağlamak için kullanıcı merkezli yaklaşımların uygulanması gerektiğini düşünmektedirler. Ayrıca, web erişilebilirliğini sağlamak için mevzuatların etkinleştirilmesi gerektiğini belirtmektedirler. Her ne kadar bulgular, Türkiye'nin web sitesi erişilebilirlik algıları ile ilgili durumunun anlık bir görüntüsünü sunsa da, erişilebilirlik topluluğu için paylaşılan anlayış konusunda rehberlik sağladığı için de bu algılar kritik önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aizpurua, A., Harper, S., & Vigo, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between web accessibility and user experience. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 91, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.03.008
  • Antonelli, H. L., Rodrigues, S. S., Watanabe, W. M., & de Mattos Fortes, R. P. (2018). A survey on accessibility awareness of Brazilian web developers. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3218598
  • Arch, A. (2009). Web Accessibility for Older Users: Successes and Opportunities (Keynote). Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/1535654.1535655
  • Black, J. A., & Champion, D. J. (1976). „Methods and Issues in Social Research,‟ John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cao, S., & Loiacono, E. (2018). Perceptions of Web Accessibility Guidelines by Student Website and App Developers. 5.
  • Cojocar, G. S., & Guran, A. M. (2013). Evaluation of Romanian Academic Websites Accessibility. A Case Study. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Informatica, 58(4).
  • Enabled Group. (2005). ENABLED | Analysis. http://www.enabledweb.org/public_results/survey_results/analysis.html
  • TTB, (2009) Engellilerin Haklarına İlişkin Sözleşme. https://www.ttb.org.tr/mevzuat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=686:engeller-haklarina-k-slee&Itemid=36
  • The Ministry of Family and Social Policies, (2019). Erişilebilirlik—Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı—Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019, March 18). https://eyh.aile.gov.tr/erisilebilirlik
  • Ferreira, S. B. L., dos Santos, R. C., & da Silveira, D. S. (2007). Panorama of Brazilian web accessibility. Proceedings of the XXXI ANPAD Meeting-EnANPAD, Page 17p.
  • Freire, A. P., Russo, C. M., & Fortes, R. P. M. (2008). A survey on the accessibility awareness of people involved in web development projects in Brazil. Proceedings of the 2008 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1145/1368044.1368064
  • Hassenzahl, M. (2018). The thing and I: understanding the relationship between user and product. In Funology 2 (pp. 301-313). Springer, Cham.
  • Henry, S. L. (2007). Just Ask: Integrating Accessibility Throughout Design. Lulu.com.
  • Inal, Y., Rızvanoğlu, K., & Yesilada, Y. (2019). Web accessibility in Turkey: Awareness, understanding and practices of user experience professionals. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18(2), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0603-3
  • Insfran, E., & Fernandez, A. (2008). A Systematic Review of Usability Evaluation in Web Development. In S. Hartmann, X. Zhou, & M. Kirchberg (Eds.), Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2008 Workshops (pp. 81–91). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85200-1_10
  • Ismail, A., & Kuppusamy, K. S. (2018). Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 30(2), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.06.006
  • ISO 9241-20:2008. (2008). Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction —Part 20: Accessibility Guidelines for Information/Communication Technology (ICT) Equipment and Services. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9241:-20:ed-1:v1:en
  • ISO. (2019). ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems. https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html
  • KAMİS. (2019). Erişilebilirlik Nedir? https://kamis.gov.tr/erisebilirlik-nedir/
  • Kurt, S. (2017). Accessibility of Turkish university Web sites. Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-016-0468-x
  • Laux, L. (1998). Designing Web pages and applications for people with disabilities. Human Factors and Web Development, 87–95.
  • Lazar, J., Dudley-Sponaugle, A., & Greenidge, K.-D. (2004). Improving web accessibility: A study of webmaster perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(2), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.018
  • Lopes, R., Van Isacker, K., & Carriço, L. (2010). Redefining Assumptions: Accessibility and Its Stakeholders. In K. Miesenberger, J. Klaus, W. Zagler, & A. Karshmer (Eds.), Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 561–568). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_90
  • Menzi-Çetin, N., Alemdağ, E., Tüzün, H., & Yıldız, M. (2017). Evaluation of a university website’s usability for visually impaired students. Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(1), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-015-0430-3
  • Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann.
  • Nielsen, J. (1999). Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity. New Riders Publishing.
  • Offutt, J. (2002). Quality attributes of Web software applications. IEEE Software, 19(2), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.991329
  • Oppenheim, A. N. (2000). Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Paddison, C., & Englefield, P. (2004). Applying heuristics to accessibility inspections. Interacting with Computers, 16(3), 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2004.04.007
  • Petrie, H., & Kheir, O. (2007). The relationship between accessibility and usability of websites. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240688
  • Putnam, C., Wozniak, K., Zefeldt, M. J., Cheng, J., Caputo, M., & Duffield, C. (2012). How do professionals who create computing technologies consider accessibility? Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1145/2384916.2384932
  • Rosson, M. B., Ballin, J. F., Rode, J., & Toward, B. (2005). “Designing for the Web” Revisited: A Survey of Informal and Experienced Web Developers. In D. Lowe & M. Gaedke (Eds.), Web Engineering (pp. 522–532). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11531371_66
  • Section 508. (2018). Section508.gov | GSA Government-wide Section 508 Accessibility Program. https://www.section508.gov/
  • Shneiderman, B. (2000). Universal Usability. Commun. ACM, 43(5), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1145/332833.332843
  • Tangarife, T. M., & Mont’alvao, C. (2006). What the brazilian developers know about web accessibility and digital inclusion. Proceedings of the 6 USIHC-6 International Congress on Ergonomics, Usability, Interface Design and Human-Computer Interaction, Page 6p.
  • Thatcher, J., Burks, M., Heilmann, C., Henry, S. L., Kirkpatrick, A., Lauke, P. H., Lawson, B., Regan, B., Rutter, R., Urban, M., & Waddell, C. (2006). Web Accessibility: Web Standards and Regulatory Compliance. Apress. https://jimthatcher.com/book2/
  • Thompson, T., Burgstahler, S., & Comden, D. (2003). Research on Web Accessibility in Higher Education. 16.
  • Trewin, S., Cragun, B., Swart, C., Brezin, J., & Richards, J. (2010). Accessibility challenges and tool features: An IBM Web developer perspective. Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1805986.1806029
  • TurkStat, “Population and Housing Census 2011. (2019, March 18). https://eyh.aile.gov.tr/nufus-ve-konut-arastirmasi-2011
  • Vollenwyder, B., Iten, G. H., Brühlmann, F., Opwis, K., & Mekler, E. D. (2019). Salient beliefs influencing the intention to consider Web Accessibility. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.016
  • W3C. (1999). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT-TECHS/
  • W3C. (2008). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
  • W3C_WAI. (2019). Introduction to Web Accessibility. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/
  • Waddell, C., Regan, B., Henry, S. L., Burks, M. R., Thatcher, J., Urban, M. D., & Bohman, P. (2003). Constructing accessible web sites. Apress.
  • WAI. (2018). WAI. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). https://www.w3.org/WAI/
  • Who. (2019, March 18). WHO | World report on disability. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/
  • Yerlikaya, Z., & Onay Durdu, P. (2018). Yazılım Profesyonellerinin Web Erişilebilirliği Farkındalıkları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Türkiye’deki Durum. 12th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium.
  • Yesilada, Y., Chuter, A., & Henry, S. L. (2013). Shared web experiences: Barriers common to mobile device users and people with disabilities. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Http://Www. W3. Org/WAI.
  • Yesilada, Yeliz, Brajnik, G., Vigo, M., & Harper, S. (2015). Exploring perceptions of web accessibility: A survey approach. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(2), 119–134.
  • Yesilada, Yeliz, Brajnik, G., Vigo, M., & Harper, S. (2012). Understanding web accessibility and its drivers. Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, 19.
  • Zaphiris, P., & Ellis, R. D. (2001). Website usability and content accessibility of the top USA universities. https://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/5263
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Pınar Onay Durdu 0000-0002-0439-1702

Zehra Yerlikaya 0000-0003-4337-1680

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Onay Durdu, P., & Yerlikaya, Z. (2020). The Perception of Website Accessibility: A Survey of Turkish Software Professionals. AJIT-E: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 11(41), 42-71. https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2020.02.003.x