Şantiyelerde Bilgi Modellemesi ve Dijital Teknolojilerin Kullanımı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 54, 298 - 319, 01.09.2023

Rümeysa Betül Akbay , Burcu Balaban Ökten , Yaprak Arıcı Üstüner

https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2023.03.007.x

Öz

Son 50 yılda, inşaat endüstrisi diğer endüstrilere kıyasla oldukça az teknolojik yeniliğe sahiptir. İnşaat endüstrisinin parçalı doğası ve projelerin bir kereye özgü oluşu yeniliklere karşı direnç göstermesine neden olmaktadır. Değişime olan bu ilgisizliğin yanı sıra verimlilik ve performansı arttırma ihtiyacı uzun bir süredir bilinmektedir. Yapı bilgi modellemesi (YBM), binaların tasarlanma, inşa ve işletilme şeklini hızla değiştiren devrim niteliğinde bir teknoloji ve süreçtir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tasarım aşamasında YBM süreçlerinde modellenen bilgilerin sahadaki personele hangi teknolojiler vasıtasıyla aktarıldığını tespit etmek ve sahadaki üretime sağladığı katkıyı incelemektir. Ayrıca Türk inşaat sektöründe YBM süreçleriyle yürütülen örnekleri incelemek ve sektörün yönelimini arttırmak için akademisyenler ve profesyoneller tarafından yapılan çalışmaları ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma sürecinde Türk inşaat sektöründe YBM uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Sektörde aktif olarak YBM teknolojilerini deneyimlemiş farklı paydaşları temsil eden beş profesyonelle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler ve literatürden elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Süreçlerin dijitalleşme yönünde hızla ilerlediği fakat aktif şantiye ortamında hala paftaların kullanıldığı, üretim yapan işçilerin bilgiye geleneksel yöntemlerle ulaştığı görülmektedir. Üç boyutlu modellenen projenin iki boyutta paftaya dönüştürülme ihtiyacı zaman almakta ve mevcut bilginin veriminin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durumda sahada hala beklenen dijitalleşme sağlanamamıştır. Literatürde incelenen vaka çalışmalarında, şantiyeye kurulmuş dijital istasyonlarla modellere üç boyutlu olarak ulaşılan uygulamalar mevcuttur. Yatırımcının bütçesi dahilinde uygulanabilecek bu uygulama sahada kaybolan veriye çözüm olabilir. İncelenen örnekler ve yapılan görüşmelerde teknolojiye yapılan bu yatırımların işverene büyük oranda kar olarak döndüğü tespit edilmiştir. İşverenler ilk maliyete değil toplam kara odaklanmalılardır. Sektörün bu dönüşüme dahil olmaları rekabet avantajı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (YBM), Saha uygulamaları, Dijital teknolojiler, Koordinasyon, İş birliği

The Use of Information Modelling and Digital Technologies in Construction Sites

Öz

In the last 50 years, the construction industry has had very few technological innovations compared to other industries. The fragmented nature of the construction industry and the one-off nature of projects make it resistant to innovation. This indifference to change, as well as the need to increase efficiency and performance, has long been recognized. Building information modelling is a revolutionary technology and process that is rapidly changing the way buildings are designed, built and operated. The aim of this study is to determine the technologies through which the information modelled in BIM processes is transferred to the personnel in the field during the design phase and to examine the contribution it provides to the production in the field. In addition, to examine the examples carried out by BIM processes in the Turkish construction sector and to reveal the studies carried out by academicians and professionals to increase the direction of the sector. During the research process, BIM applications in the Turkish construction sector were examined. Semi-structured interviews were held with five professionals representing different stakeholders who have actively experienced BIM technologies in the sector. The interviews and the data obtained from the literature were compared. It is seen that the processes are progressing rapidly towards digitalization, but projects in paper format are still used in the active construction site environment, and the workers who produce are accessed by traditional methods. The need to convert a three-dimensional modelled project into a two-dimensional project takes time and reduces the efficiency of existing information. In this case, the expected digitalization in the field still has not been achieved. In the case studies examined in the literature, there are applications where models are accessed in three dimensions with digital stations installed on the construction site. This application, which can be implemented within the investor's budget, can be a solution to the data lost in the field. In the examined examples and interviews, it has been determined that these investments made in technology return to the employer a large amount of profit. Employers should focus on total profit, not initial cost. The sector's involvement in this transformation will provide a competitive advantage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Building Information Modelling (BIM), Field applications, Digital technologies, Coordination, Collaboration

Kaynakça

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