Klinik Araştırma
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Kemoterapi Sonrası Retroperitoneal Lenf Nodu Diseksiyonunda Anestezi Deneyimimiz

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 117 - 123

Öz

Amaç: Genel olarak 35 yaş altı erkeklerde görülen testis tümörlerinin %95’i germ hücreli olup solid tümörlerdir. Öncelikle orşiektomi ile tedavi edilen testis tümörlerinde kemoterapiyi takiben retroperitoneal lenf nodu diseksiyonu (RPLND) önemli bir cerrahi uygulamadır. Çalışmamızda, RPLND operasyonlarındaki anestezi yönetimimizi güncel literatür ile tartışarak deneyimlerimizi paylaşmak istedik.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde 2017-2023 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen kemoterapi sonrası RPLND olguları incelendi. Etik kurulundan (No: 2023/305) onay alındıktan sonra, hastaların yaşı, operasyon süresi, peroperatif kan gazı ve işlem esnasında verilen sıvı miktarı hastaların eve taburculuk durumu, hasta dosyalarından ve anestezi takip formlarından retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bilgileri eksik olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Anestezi indüksiyonundan hemen sonra alınan kan gazı örnekleri, yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul sırasında alınan örneklerle karşılaştırıldı. Kliniğimizde RPLND vakalarında rutin olarak peroperatif alınan havanın oksijen yüzdesi (FiO2) değeri %40 ve altında tutulmakta olup preoperatif multidisipliner değerlendirme yapılmaktadır.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza altı yıllık bir süre boyunca yürütülen kemoterapi sonrası 37 RPLND vakasından verileri eksiksiz olan preoperatif multidisipliner ekip tarafından değerlendirilen 34 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. ASA III hasta %35 (n:12), ASA II hasta %65(n:22) olup ortalama yaşları 28 (en az 17-en fazla 47)’idi. Hastaların ameliyathaneye giriş anından yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış süresine kadar geçen süre ortalama 340,7 dakika, yoğun bakım ünitesine yatıştan itibaren ortalama ekstübasyon süresi 125,6 dakika olarak kaydedildi. Hastaların kan gazlarında ortalama pH, pO2 ve pCO2 değerlerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik olmazken, laktat seviyelerinde anlamlı bir artış gözlendi. Peroperatif FiO2 %40'ın ve kristaloid sıvı ilk 2 saate 4 mL-1 kg-1 saat 'in altında tutulmaya çalışıldığı görüldü. Peroperatif ve postoperatif kardiyak pulmoner majör komplikasyon gelişmeyen hastalar eve taburcu edildiler.

Sonuç: RPLND multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Perioperatif hipoksi ve hiperoksiye karşı alınan önlemler ve sıvı yönetimi, hem intraoperatif hem de postoperatif dönemde ortaya çıkabilecek majör komplikasyonların önlenmesinde önemli olabilir.

Etik Beyan

Etik kurul onamı alınan yazıda hastalardan bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmış olup isimlerin saklı tutulmasına özen gösterildiHer iki yazar da Eşit oranda katkı sağlamıştır Daha önce yazı başka dergide yayınlanmamıştır.Her iki yazar da İCMJE önerilerine uygun şekilde davranmışlardır.Her iki yazarın çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Teşekkür

Çalışmanın yapılmasında destek öneri ve katkılarından dolayı Prof.Dr. Vedat Yıldırım a teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Cheng L, Albers P, Berney DM, Feldman DR, Daugaard G, Gilligan T, Looijenga LHJ. Testicular cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4(1):29.
  • 2. Baird DC, Meyers GJ, Hu JS. Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician 2018; 97(4):261-8.
  • 3. Hendry WF, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, Fisher C, Nicholls J, Huddart RA, Horwich A. Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: results of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses. Cancer 2002; 94(6):1668-76.
  • 4. Stephens M, Murphy T, Hendry D. Anaesthesia for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in the treatment of testicular cancer. BJA Educ 2019; 19(9):283-9.
  • 5. Jemal A, Murray T, Samuels A, Ghafoor A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003; 53(1):5-26.
  • 6. Umezawa H. [Bleomycin]. Gan No Rinsho 1967; 13(10):735.
  • 7. Shippee BM, Bates JS, Richards KL. The role of screening and monitoring for bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 22(2):308-12.
  • 8. Stefanowicz J, Owczuk R, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Rückemann-Dziurdzińska K, Balcerska A. Nephrotoxicity of platinum derivatives in children–a review of the literature. Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia 2011; 15(2):74-9.
  • 9. Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ. The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists. Dalton Transactions 2018; 47(19):6645-53.
  • 10. Cameron AC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Vascular Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32(7):852-62.
  • 11. Wells H, Hayes MC, O'Brien T, Fowler S. Contemporary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer in the UK - a national study. BJU Int 2017; 119(1):91-9.
  • 12. Wuethrich PY, Burkhard FC. No Perioperative Pulmonary Complications after Restricted Oxygen Exposition in Bleomycin-Treated Patients: A Short Report. ISRN Anesthesiol. 2011;2011:3.
  • 13. Jayakrishnan B, Kausalya R, Al-Rashdi HA, Davis K, Ali J, Al-Harthy M, Bennji SM. Bleomycin and perioperative care: a case report. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2023; 40(3):e2023030.
  • 14. Cary C, Foster RS, Masterson TA. Complications of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection. Urol Clin North Am 2019; 46(3):429-37.
  • 15. Raphael MJ, Lougheed MD, Wei X, Karim S, Robinson AG, Bedard PL, Booth CM. A population-based study of pulmonary monitoring and toxicity for patients with testicular cancer treated with bleomycin. Curr Oncol 2020; 27(6):291-8.
  • 16. Goldiner PL, Schweizer O. The hazards of anesthesia and surgery in bleomycin-treated patients. Semin Oncol 1979; 6(1):121-4.
  • 17. Donat SM, Levy DA. Bleomycin associated pulmonary toxicity: is perioperative oxygen restriction necessary? J Urol 1998; 160(4):1347-52.
  • 18. Linz SM, Charbonnet C, Mikhail MS, Vadehra N, Zelman V, Katz RL, Thangathurai D. Spinal artery syndrome masked by postoperative epidural analgesia. Can J Anaesth. 1997; 44(11):1178-81.
  • 19. Wisely NA, Shipton EA. Long QT syndrome and anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19(12):853-9.
  • 20. Subramanian VS, Nguyen CT, Stephenson AJ, Klein EA. Complications of open primary and post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Urol Oncol 2010; 28(5):504-9.
  • 21. Kesler KA, Brooks JA, Rieger KM, Fineberg NS, Einhorn LH, Brown JW. Mediastinal metastases from testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: patterns of dissemination and predictors of long-term survival with surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125(4):913-23.
  • 22. Horlocker TT, Vandermeuelen E, Kopp SL, Gogarten W, Leffert LR, Benzon HT. Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43(3):263-309.
  • 23. Abdildin Y, Tapinova K, Salamat A, Shaimakhanov R, Aitbayev A, Viderman D. Rectus Sheath Block in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2023; 30(1):43-50.

Anesthetic Management in Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection: Insights from Our Clinical Experience

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 117 - 123

Öz

Objective: Testicular tumors, of which 95% are germ cell tumors, are generally solid tumors seen in men under the age of 35. Testicular tumors are primarily treated with orchiectomy. Following orchiectomy and chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an important surgical procedure in uro-oncology. In our study, we aimed to share our experiences by discussing our anesthesia management in RPLND operations conducted after chemotherapy at our hospital in light of current literature.
Material and Methods: This study investigates cases of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND) performed after chemotherapy at a tertiary education and research hospital between 2017 and 2023. After obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee (No: 2023/305), data including patients' ages, operation durations, perioperative blood gas and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) values, and the amount of fluid administered during the procedure were retrospectively reviewed from patient records and anesthesia monitoring forms. Patients with incomplete information were excluded from the study. Blood gas samples obtained immediately after anesthesia induction were compared with those taken upon admission to the intensive care unit. In our clinic, routine consultations with chest diseases and medical oncology are obtained prior to this procedure.
Results: In our study, data from 34 out of 37 RPLND cases conducted over a four-year period were included. ASA III patients constituted 35% (n=12), while ASA II patients made up 65% (n=22), with an average age of 28 years (range: 17 to 47).The average anesthesia duration from the time patients entered the operating room to their admission to the ICU was recorded as 340.7 minutes, and the average extubation time from ICU admission was 125.6 minutes.
While there were no significant changes in the average pH, pO₂, and pCO₂ values in blood gases of patients a significant increase in lactate levels was observed. It was noted that the perioperative (FiO₂) was maintained below 40% and the crystalloids administered in the first 2 hours were kept below 4 mL/kg/hour. All patients were discharged home after the operation.
Conclusion: RPLND requires a multidisciplinary approach. Measures taken against perioperative hypoxia and hyperoxia, as well as fluid management, may be crucial in preventing major complications that can arise during both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Cheng L, Albers P, Berney DM, Feldman DR, Daugaard G, Gilligan T, Looijenga LHJ. Testicular cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4(1):29.
  • 2. Baird DC, Meyers GJ, Hu JS. Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician 2018; 97(4):261-8.
  • 3. Hendry WF, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, Fisher C, Nicholls J, Huddart RA, Horwich A. Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: results of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses. Cancer 2002; 94(6):1668-76.
  • 4. Stephens M, Murphy T, Hendry D. Anaesthesia for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in the treatment of testicular cancer. BJA Educ 2019; 19(9):283-9.
  • 5. Jemal A, Murray T, Samuels A, Ghafoor A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003; 53(1):5-26.
  • 6. Umezawa H. [Bleomycin]. Gan No Rinsho 1967; 13(10):735.
  • 7. Shippee BM, Bates JS, Richards KL. The role of screening and monitoring for bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 22(2):308-12.
  • 8. Stefanowicz J, Owczuk R, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Rückemann-Dziurdzińska K, Balcerska A. Nephrotoxicity of platinum derivatives in children–a review of the literature. Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia 2011; 15(2):74-9.
  • 9. Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ. The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists. Dalton Transactions 2018; 47(19):6645-53.
  • 10. Cameron AC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Vascular Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32(7):852-62.
  • 11. Wells H, Hayes MC, O'Brien T, Fowler S. Contemporary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer in the UK - a national study. BJU Int 2017; 119(1):91-9.
  • 12. Wuethrich PY, Burkhard FC. No Perioperative Pulmonary Complications after Restricted Oxygen Exposition in Bleomycin-Treated Patients: A Short Report. ISRN Anesthesiol. 2011;2011:3.
  • 13. Jayakrishnan B, Kausalya R, Al-Rashdi HA, Davis K, Ali J, Al-Harthy M, Bennji SM. Bleomycin and perioperative care: a case report. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2023; 40(3):e2023030.
  • 14. Cary C, Foster RS, Masterson TA. Complications of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection. Urol Clin North Am 2019; 46(3):429-37.
  • 15. Raphael MJ, Lougheed MD, Wei X, Karim S, Robinson AG, Bedard PL, Booth CM. A population-based study of pulmonary monitoring and toxicity for patients with testicular cancer treated with bleomycin. Curr Oncol 2020; 27(6):291-8.
  • 16. Goldiner PL, Schweizer O. The hazards of anesthesia and surgery in bleomycin-treated patients. Semin Oncol 1979; 6(1):121-4.
  • 17. Donat SM, Levy DA. Bleomycin associated pulmonary toxicity: is perioperative oxygen restriction necessary? J Urol 1998; 160(4):1347-52.
  • 18. Linz SM, Charbonnet C, Mikhail MS, Vadehra N, Zelman V, Katz RL, Thangathurai D. Spinal artery syndrome masked by postoperative epidural analgesia. Can J Anaesth. 1997; 44(11):1178-81.
  • 19. Wisely NA, Shipton EA. Long QT syndrome and anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19(12):853-9.
  • 20. Subramanian VS, Nguyen CT, Stephenson AJ, Klein EA. Complications of open primary and post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Urol Oncol 2010; 28(5):504-9.
  • 21. Kesler KA, Brooks JA, Rieger KM, Fineberg NS, Einhorn LH, Brown JW. Mediastinal metastases from testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: patterns of dissemination and predictors of long-term survival with surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125(4):913-23.
  • 22. Horlocker TT, Vandermeuelen E, Kopp SL, Gogarten W, Leffert LR, Benzon HT. Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43(3):263-309.
  • 23. Abdildin Y, Tapinova K, Salamat A, Shaimakhanov R, Aitbayev A, Viderman D. Rectus Sheath Block in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2023; 30(1):43-50.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Anesteziyoloji, Üroloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nadide Örs Yıldırım 0000-0002-0224-299X

Hilal Zengin 0000-0002-9589-921X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Örs Yıldırım N, Zengin H. Anesthetic Management in Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection: Insights from Our Clinical Experience. Akd Tıp D. 2025;11(1):117-23.