Structural characteristics and heat requirements of modern greenhouses in southern of Turkey

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 93 - 101, 01.12.2012

N. Y. Emekli N. Caglayan , A. Ozmerzı M. Canakcı

Öz

This study was carried out to evaluate the structural properties of modern greenhouses and the heat requirements of the modern greenhouse farms calculated using multi-years climate data in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Greenhouse farms in Turkey spread mostly along Mediterranean costal areas, Marmara and Aegean regions. The most important region within Turkey for greenhouse cultivation is the Mediterranean region, covering almost 85% of total production with plastic and glass greenhouses. In recent years, the number and production area of modern greenhouses have increased in Turkey. Also, these greenhouses are located mostly in the province of Antalya, the reason why the region was selected as study area. As a result, 74, 16 and 10% of modern greenhouse enterprises in the region were the vegetable, seed and seedling production greenhouses, respectively. Soilless culture systems are usually applied in the vegetable production greenhouses. The technological and productivity levels of vegetable, seed and seedling production greenhouses are very high and their average size varies between 0.5 and 2.1 ha. The results indicate that the heating systems should be intensively operated in the period from November to April. The highest and lowest heat requirements were determined from PE and PC+(PE(DL**)+TS*) covered greenhouses, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modern greenhouses, Structural characteristics, Heat requirement, Mediterranean Region, Antalya

Türkiye'nin güneyindeki modern seraların yapısal özellikleri ve ısı gereksinimleri

Öz

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’nin Akdeniz bölgesindeki modern sera işletmelerinin yapısal özelliklerini belirlemek ve incelenen modern sera işletmelerinin ısı gereksinimlerini uzun yıllık iklim verilerine göre hesaplamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Türkiye’de sera işletmeleri Akdeniz kıyı şeridi, Marmara ve Ege bölgelerinde yaygın biçimdedir. Türkiye’de sera yetiştiriciliğinde en önemli bölge, plastik ve cam kaplı seralarda toplam üretimin % 85’ini kapsayan Akdeniz Bölgesidir. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de modern sera işletmelerinin sayısında ve üretim alanında önemli artışlar gözlenmektedir. Anılan seralar genellikle Antalya ilinde bulunmaktadır bu nedenle Antalya ili çalışma alanı olarak seçildi. Araştırma seralarda yapılan bitkisel üretim, seraların yapısal özellikleri, boyutlandırma ve planlama kriterleri, sera içi çevre koşullarının yeterliliğini içeren anket uygulanması biçiminde yürütüldü. Sonuç olarak, bölgedeki modern sera işletmelerinin %74’ünü sebze seraları, % 16’ını tohum seraları ve % 10’unu fide üretim seraları oluşturmaktadır. Sebze üretim seralarında genellikle topraksız kültürde üretim yapılmaktadır. Yöredeki sebze, tohum ve fide üretim seralarında teknoloji kullanımı ve verimlilik düzeyinin yüksek olduğu ve anılan seraların ortalama taban alanı büyüklüğünün 0,5 ile 2,1 ha arasında değiştiği söylenebilir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, modern seralardaki ısıtma sistemlerinin Kasım ve Nisan ayları arasında çalıştırılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. En fazla ve en az ısı gereksinimleri sırası ile PE ve PC+(PE(DL**)+TS*) örtülü seralarda belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modern seralar, Yapısal özellikler, Isı gereksinimi, Akdeniz Bölgesi, Antalya

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