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Morphological and in Vitro Germination Studies of Pollen Grains in Kola Tree (Cola Sp.)

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 311 - 318, 01.12.2007

Öz

This study was carried out to determine some morphological characteristics and in vitro germination capacities of pollen grains of three cultivated (C. ballayi, C. acuminata and C. anomala) and one wild (C. lepidota) species of Cola genus. Results indicated that pollen grains were morphologically tricolporate, isopolar, subcircular, and prolate with a smooth exine outer layer. In vitro germination was optimal in Brewbaker medium containing 5 % sucrose for C. acuminata and C. lepidota, 10 % for C. anomala and 5 or 10 % sucrose for C. ballayi. Higher germination rates were obtained at 30°C incubation temperature for all species. Germination rates of C. ballayi, C. acuminata, C. anomala and C. lepidota peaked at pH 5.1, 5.7, 6 and 6.3, respectively. Incubation beyond seven hours was necessary for optimal germination and pollen tube elongation.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, M. P., 1969. Differential staining of aborted and non aborted pollen. Stain Technology 44(3):117-122.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Mémento de l’agronome. 4è Ed. Ministère de la coopération française, pp. 846- 848.
  • Anonymous, 2002. Mémento de l’agronome. Ed. CIRAD-GRET, Ministère des affaires étrangères. pp 1077-1078.
  • Brewbaker, J.L., 1967. The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grain in Angiosperms. Am. J. Bot. 54:1069-1083.
  • Brewbaker, J.L. and Kwack, B.H. 1963. The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen growth. Am. J. Bot. 50:859-1083.
  • Cerceau-Larrival, M.T. and Challe J., 1986. Biopalinology and maintenance of germination capacity of stored pollen in some Angiosperm families.. In: Pollen et ressources génétiques and Spores: Function. S. Blackmore and I.K. Ferguson (Eds). Linn. Soc. Symp. Ser. 12:152- 164, Academic Press, London
  • Donfack, M. J. B., 2005. Etude et conservation des pollens de quelques Cola (Sterculiacées) cultivés et sauvages apparentés. Mémoire de D.E.A. Université de Yaoundé, 54p.
  • Erdtman, G., 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Almqvist and Wiskell, Stockolm. 190 p.
  • Heslop-Harrison, J., 1979. Aspect of the structure cytochemistry and germination of the pollen of rye (Secale cereale L.) Ann. 44:2-65.
  • Jayaprakash, P. and Sarla, N., 2001. Development of an improved medium for germination of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Pollen in vitro. J. Exp. Bot., 52(357):851-855.
  • Laird, S.A.,Betafor, M., Enanga M., Fominyam, C., Itoe M.,Litonga E. and Mafani, J., 1997. The medicinal plants of Limbé Botanical Garden. Limbé Botanical Garden, Cameroon. 141 p.
  • Loguercio, L.L., 2002. Pollen treatment in high osmotic potential: a simple tool for in vitro preservation and manipulation of viability in gametophytic populations. Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 14(1):65-70.
  • Nkongmeneck, B.-A., 1982. Contribution à l’étude du genre Cola au Cameroun. Thèse de 3ème cycle. Université de Yaoundé, 198 p.
  • Nkongmeneck, B.-A., 1985. Le genre Cola au Cameroun. Ann. Fac. Biol. Biochim. 3(3):5-27.
  • O’Kelly, J.C., 1955. External carbohydrates in growth and respiration of pollen tubes in vitro. Am. J. Bot. 42 : 322-327.
  • SAS, 2001. SAS/STAT Vers. 8.2. Guide for to personal computers. Stat. Anal. Inst., Cary NC.
  • Shivanna, K.R. and Rangaswamy, N.S., 1992. Pollen biology. A laboratory manual. Berlin, Springs- Verlag. 119 p.
  • Taylor, L.P. and Hepler, L.P., 1997. Pollen germination and tube growth. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Biol. 48:461-491.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Duguma, B., Tiencheu, M.L. and Ngo-Mpeck, M.L., 1998. The domestication of indigenous agroforestry trees: ICRAF’S strategy in the humid tropics of west and central Africa. In: international Expert meeting on Non-wood Forest Product in central Africa. FAO. The Limbé Botanic Garden, Cameroon. pp. 161-169.
  • Tindall, R., 1998. The culture of Cola: Social and economic aspects of West African domesticate. Ethnobotanical leaflets 2:1-3.
  • Visser, R., 1955. Germination and storage of pollen. Medeligen van de landbouwschool, Wageningen 55:1-68.
  • Youmbi, E., 1993. Recherches sur la germination in vitro des pollens de quelques espèces tropicales provenant des collections végétales vivantes du Muséum. Contrôle de la viabilité de certains pollens conservés et stockés dans la banque de pollens du laboratoire de palynologie. Mémoire de recherches post-Doctoral. 62 p.
  • Youmbi, E., Cerceau-Larrival, M.T., Verhille, A.M. and Carbonnier-Jarreau, M.C., 1998. Morphologie et germination in vitro des pollens de Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae). Grana 37(2):87-92.

Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 311 - 318, 01.12.2007

Öz

Bu çalışma, Cola cinsine ait üç kültüre alınmış (C. ballayi, C. acuminata ve C. anomala) tür ile bir doğal türün ((C. lepidota) polenlerinin bazı morfolojik özellikleri ve in vitro çimlenme kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar polenlerin morfolojik olarak tricolporate, isopolar, subsircular ve daha dış tabaklarda düz exine ile prolate olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Brewbaker ortamında optimal çimlenme için uygun şeker (sakaroz) oranı C. acuminata ve C. lepidota türleri için %5, C. anomala türü için %10, C. ballayi türü için ise %5 veya %10 olarak saptanmıştır. Tüm türlerde 30°C inkübasyon sıcaklığında daha yüksek çimlenme oranları elde edilmiş ve C. ballayi, C. acuminata, C. anomala and C. lepidota türlerinde çimlenme oranları sırasıyla 5,1, 5,7, 6,0 ve 6,3 pH değerlerinde en yüksek noktaya ulaşmıştır. Tüm türlerde optimum çimlenme ve polen tüpü uzaması için yedi saatten fazla süreye gerek olduğu belirlenmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, M. P., 1969. Differential staining of aborted and non aborted pollen. Stain Technology 44(3):117-122.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Mémento de l’agronome. 4è Ed. Ministère de la coopération française, pp. 846- 848.
  • Anonymous, 2002. Mémento de l’agronome. Ed. CIRAD-GRET, Ministère des affaires étrangères. pp 1077-1078.
  • Brewbaker, J.L., 1967. The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grain in Angiosperms. Am. J. Bot. 54:1069-1083.
  • Brewbaker, J.L. and Kwack, B.H. 1963. The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen growth. Am. J. Bot. 50:859-1083.
  • Cerceau-Larrival, M.T. and Challe J., 1986. Biopalinology and maintenance of germination capacity of stored pollen in some Angiosperm families.. In: Pollen et ressources génétiques and Spores: Function. S. Blackmore and I.K. Ferguson (Eds). Linn. Soc. Symp. Ser. 12:152- 164, Academic Press, London
  • Donfack, M. J. B., 2005. Etude et conservation des pollens de quelques Cola (Sterculiacées) cultivés et sauvages apparentés. Mémoire de D.E.A. Université de Yaoundé, 54p.
  • Erdtman, G., 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Almqvist and Wiskell, Stockolm. 190 p.
  • Heslop-Harrison, J., 1979. Aspect of the structure cytochemistry and germination of the pollen of rye (Secale cereale L.) Ann. 44:2-65.
  • Jayaprakash, P. and Sarla, N., 2001. Development of an improved medium for germination of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Pollen in vitro. J. Exp. Bot., 52(357):851-855.
  • Laird, S.A.,Betafor, M., Enanga M., Fominyam, C., Itoe M.,Litonga E. and Mafani, J., 1997. The medicinal plants of Limbé Botanical Garden. Limbé Botanical Garden, Cameroon. 141 p.
  • Loguercio, L.L., 2002. Pollen treatment in high osmotic potential: a simple tool for in vitro preservation and manipulation of viability in gametophytic populations. Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 14(1):65-70.
  • Nkongmeneck, B.-A., 1982. Contribution à l’étude du genre Cola au Cameroun. Thèse de 3ème cycle. Université de Yaoundé, 198 p.
  • Nkongmeneck, B.-A., 1985. Le genre Cola au Cameroun. Ann. Fac. Biol. Biochim. 3(3):5-27.
  • O’Kelly, J.C., 1955. External carbohydrates in growth and respiration of pollen tubes in vitro. Am. J. Bot. 42 : 322-327.
  • SAS, 2001. SAS/STAT Vers. 8.2. Guide for to personal computers. Stat. Anal. Inst., Cary NC.
  • Shivanna, K.R. and Rangaswamy, N.S., 1992. Pollen biology. A laboratory manual. Berlin, Springs- Verlag. 119 p.
  • Taylor, L.P. and Hepler, L.P., 1997. Pollen germination and tube growth. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Biol. 48:461-491.
  • Tchoundjeu, Z., Duguma, B., Tiencheu, M.L. and Ngo-Mpeck, M.L., 1998. The domestication of indigenous agroforestry trees: ICRAF’S strategy in the humid tropics of west and central Africa. In: international Expert meeting on Non-wood Forest Product in central Africa. FAO. The Limbé Botanic Garden, Cameroon. pp. 161-169.
  • Tindall, R., 1998. The culture of Cola: Social and economic aspects of West African domesticate. Ethnobotanical leaflets 2:1-3.
  • Visser, R., 1955. Germination and storage of pollen. Medeligen van de landbouwschool, Wageningen 55:1-68.
  • Youmbi, E., 1993. Recherches sur la germination in vitro des pollens de quelques espèces tropicales provenant des collections végétales vivantes du Muséum. Contrôle de la viabilité de certains pollens conservés et stockés dans la banque de pollens du laboratoire de palynologie. Mémoire de recherches post-Doctoral. 62 p.
  • Youmbi, E., Cerceau-Larrival, M.T., Verhille, A.M. and Carbonnier-Jarreau, M.C., 1998. Morphologie et germination in vitro des pollens de Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae). Grana 37(2):87-92.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

J. B. D. Mbognıng Bu kişi benim

E. Youmbı Bu kişi benim

B. A. Nkongmeneck Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mbognıng, J. B. D., Youmbı, E., & Nkongmeneck, B. A. (2007). Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 20(2), 311-318.
AMA Mbognıng JBD, Youmbı E, Nkongmeneck BA. Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. Aralık 2007;20(2):311-318.
Chicago Mbognıng, J. B. D., E. Youmbı, ve B. A. Nkongmeneck. “Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri Ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 20, sy. 2 (Aralık 2007): 311-18.
EndNote Mbognıng JBD, Youmbı E, Nkongmeneck BA (01 Aralık 2007) Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 20 2 311–318.
IEEE J. B. D. Mbognıng, E. Youmbı, ve B. A. Nkongmeneck, “Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 311–318, 2007.
ISNAD Mbognıng, J. B. D. vd. “Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri Ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 20/2 (Aralık 2007), 311-318.
JAMA Mbognıng JBD, Youmbı E, Nkongmeneck BA. Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2007;20:311–318.
MLA Mbognıng, J. B. D. vd. “Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri Ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, c. 20, sy. 2, 2007, ss. 311-8.
Vancouver Mbognıng JBD, Youmbı E, Nkongmeneck BA. Kola (Cola Sp.) Ağacı Polenlerinin Mofolojik Özellikleri ve In Vitro Çimlenmeleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2007;20(2):311-8.