Aşılama ve Azotlu Gübre Uygulamasının Bazı Soya Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Verim Özelliklerine Etkisi

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 213 - 218, 01.09.2005

T. Söğüt

Öz

Bu çalışma, bakteri aşılama ve azotlu gübrenin soya [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill]’da verim ve verim özellikleri üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Farklı olgunlaşma grubundan (II, III ve IV) 6 soya çeşidi, 2002 ve 2003 yıllarında, buğday hasadı sonrası ikinci ürün olarak, Bradyrhizobium japonicum bakterisi ihtiva etmeyen killitınlı toprakta yetiştirilmiştir. Deneme, ana parsellerde aşılı ve aşısız, alt parsellerde ise çeşitler olacak şekilde bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Bu denemeden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bakteri ile aşılanan tohumlardan gelişen bitkilerin, bitki boyu, meyve sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve tohum veriminin, azotlu gübre uygulanan çeşitlere göre daha yüksek olduğu, ayrıca çeşit ile aşılama arasındaki interaksiyona göre, aşılamanın özellikle CF 492 ve Williams 79 gibi daha geç olgunlaşan çeşitlerin verimleri üzerinde daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soya, Çeşit, Rhizobium japonicum, Aşılama, Azotlu Gübre, Verim

The Effect of Inoculation and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Soybean Cultivars

Öz

This study was conducted to assess the effect of inoculation and N fertilizer on yield and yield components in soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill]. Six soybean cultivars belonging to maturity group II, III and IV were grown following wheat in double crop system in a clay soil, free of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, in 2002 and 2003. A split plot design with inoculation or no inoculation as main plots and cultivars as sub-plot treatments were used with three replications in each years. The results of these experiments indicated that inoculation increased plant height, pod number, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield. The interaction between inoculation and soybean cultivars indicated that inoculation was more effective on late maturity cultivars such as CF 492 and Williams 79 for seed yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soybean, Cultivar, Rhizobium japonicum, Inoculation, N Fertilizer, Yield

Kaynakça

• Babiker, E. E., Elsheikh, E. A. E., Osman, A. J. and El Tinay, A. H. 1995. Effect of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fertilization and viral infection on yield, tannin and protein content and in vitro protein digestibility of faba bean. Plant Foods Human Nutrition, 47: 257-263.
• Belkheir, A. M., Zhou, X. and Smith, D. L. 2000. Response of soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) cultivars to genistein-preincubated Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Nodulation and dry matter accumulation under Canadian short season conditions. J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 185: 167-175.
• Bohlol, B. B., Ladha, J. K., Garrity, D. P. and George, T. 1992. Biological N fixation for sustainable agriculture: a perspective. Pl. Soil, 141: 1-11.
• Bremner, J. M. 1995. Recent research on problems on the use of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer. Fert. Res., 42: 321-329.
• Datson, R. B. and Acquaah, G. 1984. Rhizobium japonicum, nitrogen and phosphorus effects on nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in the Southern Savana of Ghana. Field Crops Research, 9: 101-108.
• Fehr, W. H., Caviness, C. E., Burmood, D. T. and Pennington, J. S. 1971. Stage of development descriptions for soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill). Crop Sci., 11: 929-931.
• Harper, J. E. 1974. Soil and symbiotic nitrogen requirements for optimum soybean production. Crop Sci., 14: 255-260.
• Henson, R. A. and Heichel, G. H. 1984. Partitioning and symbiotically fixed nitrogen in soybeans and alfalfa. Crop Sci., 24: 986-990.
• Herridge, D. F. and Danso, S. K. A. 1995. Enhancing crop legume N2 fixation through selection and breeding. Plant Soil, 174: 51-82.
• Koutroubas, S. D., Papakosta, D. K. and Gagianas, A. A. 1998. The importance of early dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in soybean yield. European J. Agron., 9: 1-10.
• Nadem, M. A., Ahmad, R. and Ahmad, M. S. 2004. Effect of seed inoculation and different fertilizer levels on the growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci., 163: 275-283.
• Neuhausen, S. L., Graham, P. H. and Orf, J. H. 1988. Genetic variation for dinitrogen fixation in soybean of maturity group 00 and 0. Crop Sci., 28: 769-772.
• Papakosta, D. K. and Veresoglou, D. S. 1989. Responses of soybean cultivars to inoculation and nitrogen application in Greece in fields free of Bradyrhzobium japonicum. J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 163: 275-283.
• Pastor, J. and Binkley, D. 1998. Nitrogen fixation and the mass balance of carbon and nitrogen in ecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 43: 63-78.
• Poi, S. C., Basu, T. K., Behari, K. and Srivastav, A. 1991. Symbiotic effectiveness of different strains of Rhizobium meliloti in selecting inoculants for improvement of productivity of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Envir. Ecology, 9: 286-287.
• SAS Institute. 1985. SAS user’s guide: Statistics. 5th Ed. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
• Vance, C. P. 1997. Enhanced agricultural sustainability through biological nitrogen fixation. I: Legocki, A., Ed. Biological fixation of nitrogen for ecology and sustainable agriculture. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 179-186.
• Wani, S. P., Rupela, O. P. and Lee, K. K. 1995. Sustainable agriculture in semi-arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes. Plant Soil, 174: 29-49.
• Weber, C. R. 1966. Nodulating and nonnodulating soybean isolines: II. Response to applied nitrogen and modified soil conditions. Agron. J., 58: 46-49.
• Welch, L. F., Bone, L. V., Champliss, C. G., Christiansen, A. T., Muvaney, D. L., Oldham, M. G. and Pendleton, J. W. 1973. Soybean yields with direct and residual nitrogen fertilization. Agron. J., 65: 547-550.
• Zapata, J. R., Danso, S. K. A., Hardarson, G. and Fried, M. 1987. Time course of mitrogen fixation in the field grown soybean using nitrogen-15 methodology. Agron. J., 79: 172- 176.