LITTERFALL, DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENTS RELEASE IN VITEX DONIANA SWEET. AND VITEX MADIENSIS OLIV. IN THE SUDANO–GUINEA SAVANNAH

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 63 - 75, 01.06.2005

P.m. Mapongmetsem Loura Benguellah Benoıt L.b. Benoıt B.a. Nkongmeneck M.b. Ngassoum H. Gübbük C. Baye–nıwah J. Longmou

Öz

Vitex doniana and Vitex madiensis are among the most valuable wild fruit trees of the populations of northern Cameroon. They wish to see them growing in their farmlands. A good knowledge on the quality and quantity of their litter production is a prerequisite for their domestication in the area. Litters were collected under trees in one square meter in four locations of the Adamawa savannah. The experimental unit consisted of four trees. The design was a Randomized Complete Blok with four replicates. The leaf litter was incubated in natural savannah, then retrieved after one, three, six and twelve months and analyzed in the laboratory for organic and mineral mater contents. The maximum of litter fall was produced in November for V. doniana and in mid-December for V. madiensis. Litter decomposition was faster in V. doniana than V. madiensis. The total leaf litter represented 81.42 % of the organic matter. The interspecific comparison shows that the quantity of the dry annual litter produced by V. doniana (190,71g /m2 /year) was greater than that of V. madiensis (81.98g/m2 /year). The low litter production observed in V. madiensis compared to that of V. doniana was compensated by its richness in NPK elements. As far as these bioelements are concerned, V. madiensis yielded an important source of K (1153.84mg/100g of D.M), Mg (1539,01 mg/100g of D.M) and of Na (443,42 mg/ mg/100g of D.M. During the decomposition, there was an accumulation of neutral detergent fibbers compared to sugar and phenol. In farming systems, these species can contribute to the improvement of the soil fertility, and therefore can be recommended for a domestication programme in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wild fruit trees, litter, bioelements, soil fertility, domestication, homegardens

Guinea Savannah’da (Adamawa, Cameroon) Vitex donina Sweet ve Vitex madiensis Oliv. Atıkları, Olgunlaştırılması ve Bitki Besin Maddesi İçerikleri

Öz

Vitex doniana ve Vitex madiensis Kameron’un kuzeyi için en değerli meyve türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Üreticiler, bu meyve türlerini kendi bahçelerinde görmek isterler. Bu çevrede, her iki yabani meyve türünün yaygın olarak kullanılabilmesi için bu türlerin atık üretim miktarı ve kalitesi üzerinde önceden bilgiye sahip olmak gerekir. Atıklar, Adamawa savannah’da 4 farklı lokasyondan ve ağaçların 1 m2’lik alanından toplanmışlardır. Araştırma 4 yinelemeli ve her yinelemede 4 ağaç olacak şekilde Tesadüf Blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Yaprak atıkları doğal ortamda inkübe edilmiş ve 1, 3, 6 ve 12 ay sonra laboratuar koşullarında organik madde, N, P ve Mg içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Vitex doniana için maksimum yaprak dökümü kasım ayında ve Vitex madiensis için aralık ayında gerçekleşmiştir. Atıkların parçalanarak olgunlaşması, Vitex doniana’da, Vitex madiensis’den daha hızlı gerçekleşmiştir. Yaprak atıklarında bitkisel organik madde %81 olarak belirlenmiştir. Türler arasındaki kıyaslamada, Vitex doniana’da yıllık organik madde, Vitex madiensis’den daha yüksek, sırasıyla 190 g/m2/yıl ve 81.98 g/m2/yıl olarak saptanmıştır. Buna karşın, Vitex doniana’da yapraklarda kuru madde Vitex madiensis’dan daha düşük belirlenmiş, fakat bu durum besin maddelerinin (N, P ve K) zenginliği ile dengelemiştir. Vitex madiensis’de bu besin maddelerinin önemli miktarını K (1153.84 mg/100 g), Mg (1539.01 mg/100 g) ve Na (443.42 mg/100 g)’un oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. N, P ve Ca ise Vitex doniana’da daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Ayrışma süresince, fenol ve şeker ile kıyaslandığında neutral detergent fibbers lifleri daha yoğun belirlenmiştir. Bu yetiştiricilik sisteminde atıklar, toprak verimliliğinin arttırılmasına önemli katkıda bulunmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, bu iki türün bu bölgede yaygın olarak kullanılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yabani Meyve Ağaçları, Atık, Bioelement, Toprak Verimliliği, Yaygınlaşma, Ev Bahçeciliği

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