Effects of the Soil Applications of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Tomato Plant: I. Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metal Contents

Yıl 2003, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 87 - 96, 01.06.2003

B. Topcuoğlu M. K. Önal N. Arı

Öz

In greenhouse experiment, the effects of different sewage sludges applied repeatedly to soil at different application rates for two years on plant nutrient ad heavy metal contents of tomato plant were examined. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd in leaves of tomato plant were increased by the increasing applications of sludge rates for each year. Differences of the sludge characteristics are reflected to mineral contents of plants grown on sludge-applied soil. Mineral contents of tomato plant were higher in the second year by successive sludge applications. At low rates either of these sludges affected plant growth well, but phytotoxicity and heavy metal accumulation were determined by higher sludge application rates and successive sludge treatments. The second year, growth retard and phytotoxic effects were observed and accumulation of Pb and Cd in tomato were excessed the acceptable range limits for human consumption in sludge type used which containing higher salt and mineral contents. The findings on the effects of sludge differences, phytotoxicity and heavy metals accumulation in plant as a result of successive years applications of municipal sludge to greenhouse soil could be thought a noticeable examples for the safety reuse concerns of sludge in agriculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sewage sludge, tomato, plant nutrients, heavy metals

Toprağa Uygulanan Kentsel Arıtma Çamurunun Domates Bitkisine Etkisi: I. Bitki Besinleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri

Öz

Sera denemesinde iki yıl yinelemeli olarak toprağa uygulanan farklı kentsel arıtma çamurlarının domates bitkisinde bitki besinleri ve ağır metal içerikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Toprağa artan miktarlarda uygulanan arıtma çamurları ile ilgili olarak her iki yıl domates bitkisinin N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni ve Cd içerikleri artmıştır. Arıtma çamurlarının niteliklerindeki farklılık, uygulandığı toprakta yetişen bitkilerin mineral içeriklerine yansımıştır. Arıtma çamurlarının yinelemeli uygulamalarında bitkide daha yüksek mineral içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Toprağa uygulanan çamurlar düşük düzeylerde bitki gelişimini olumlu etkilemiş, fakat yinelemeli uygulamalarda ve yüksek uygulama düzeylerinde, fitotoksisite ve yüksek ağır metal içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Yüksek düzeyde tuz ve mineral içeren çamur tipinin ikinci yıl uygulamaları, domates bitkisinde gelişimde duraklama ve toksik etkisi yapmış, Cd ve Pb gibi ağır metaller bitkide insan sağlığı için izin verilen sınır değerleri aşmıştır. Kentsel arıtma çamurunun sera toprağına yinelemeli uygulamalarının sonucu olarak, bitkide saptanan fitotoksisite ve ağır metallerin birikimi, çamur etkilerinin farklılıkları üzerindeki bulgular arıtma çamurlarının tarımda güvenli geri kazanımı üzerindeki endişelere örnek teşkil etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arıtma Çamuru, Domates, Bitki Besinleri, Ağır Metaller

Kaynakça

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