Patates (Solanum tuberosum L.)'te Yumru Oluşumunu Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 1998, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 117 - 122, 01.12.1998

Saadet Tuğrul Bülent Samancı

Öz

Bu derlemede patates (Solarium tuberosum L) yumru verimi ve oluşumunu etkileyen faktörler araştmlmıştır. Bitkide doğal olarak bulunan hormonlar (gibberellik asit, sitokinin vb) bitkinin toprak altı ve toprak üstü organları, çevresel etmenler (sıcaklık, ışık) incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yumru oluşum sinyali ve taşınması konusuna da yer verilmiştir. Yumru oluşumu gibberellik asit-sitokinin yada gibberellik-absisik asit oranına bağlı olduğu öne sürülmüş en uygun çevresel etmen kısa gün ve düşük sıcaklık olarak saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yumru Oluşumu, Hormonlar, Gün Uzunluğu

The Factors Effecting the Tuber Formation in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Öz

In this rewiev, the factors which affect tuber yield and tuber formation were studied in potato (Solarium tuberosum L). The natural hormones (gibberrelic acid and cytokinin) found in plants, root and shoot tissues, environmental factors (temperature and light) were determined. Besides these factors, tuber formation signal and transportation were also studied Tuberization depends on gibberrelic acid- cytokinin or gibbcrrelic-abscisic acid ratio and it was determined that optimum tuberization occurs in short days and low temperatures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tuber Formation, Hormones, Photoperiodism

Kaynakça

• Boâdlaender, K.B.A., 1963. Influence of Temperature, Radiation and Photoperiod on Development and Yield, the Growth of the Potato, London, Butterworth, 210 S.
• Chapman, H.W., 1958. Tuberisation in the Potato Plant. Physiologia Plantarum, 11: 224 S.
• Daiva, E., Lister, R.M., Park, W.D., 1983. Induction and Accumulation of Major Tuber Proteins of Potato in Stems and Petioles, Plant Physiol. 71:161-168.
• Esashi, I., 1963. Studies of the Formation and Sprouting of Aerial Tubers in Begonia Evansiana Andr. VI Photoperiodic Conditions for Tuberization and Sprouting in the Cutting Plants, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., 27: 101-112.
• Ewing, E.E., 1988. The Role of Hormones in Potato (Solatium tuberuosum L.) Tuberization.,, In: Plant Hormones and Their Role in Plant Growth on Development Davies, P.J. Ed., pp. 515-538. Kluwer Acedemic Publishers, London.
• Gur, A., Bravdo, B and Mizrahi, I , 1972. Physiological Responses of Apple Trees to Supra Optimal Root Temperature. Physiologia Plantarum 27: 130-8.
• Hussey, G., Stacey, N.J., 1984. Factors Affecting the Formation of in Vitro Tubers of Potato (Solarium Tuberosum L.), Annals of Botany. 53: 565-578.
• Itai, C., Ben Zioni, A. and ordin, C., 1973. Correlative Changes in Endogenous Hormone Levels and Shoot Growth Induced by Short Treatments to the Root. Physiologia Plantarum, 29, 355-360.
• Ivin, J.D., Milthorpe, E.L., 1963. The Growth of the Potato, Butterworth, London.
• İncekara, F., 1965. Endüstri Bitkileri ve Islahı, Nişasta-Şeker Bitkileri ve Islahı, Cilt 3, Ege Ü. Zir. Fak. Yayınlan, No: 101, İzmir, 1-12.
• Jameson, P.E., Mcwha, J., Haslemone, M.R.,1985. Changes in Cytokinins During Initiation and Development of Potato Tubers. Physiol. Plant 63: 53-57.
• Koda, I., 1982. Changes in Levels of Butonal and Water Soluble Cytokinins During the Life Cycle of Potato Tubers. Plant Cell Physiol. 23: 843-849.
• Koda, L, Okazawa, I., 1983. Characteriristic Changes in the Levels of Endogenous Plant Hormones in Relation to the Onset of Potato Tuberization, Japan. J. Crop. Sci., 52:592- 597.
• Leopold, A.C., Kriedemann, P.E., 1975. Plant Growth and Development, New Iork, McGraw Hill Series, Swcond Edition, 337-345.
• Manhenett, R. and Wareing, P.F., 1976. Effects of Soil Temperature on the Growih and Hormone Content of Dactılis glomerata L. İn Controlled Environments. Journal of Experimental Botam 27: 1259-67.
• Mansour, B.M.M., 1968. Effects of Temperature and Light on Growth, Flowering and Corm Formation in Fressia, Landbouwhoge Wageningen, 76: 68-80.
• Marshner, H., Sattelmacher, B. and Bangerth, F., 1984. Growth Rate of Potato Tubers and Endogenous Contents of Indohacetic Acid and Abscisic Acid, Phisiol. Plant. 60: 16-20. Copenhagen.
• Mauk, C.S. and Longilla, A.R., 1978. Physiology of Tuberisation in Solarium tuberosum L. Cis- Zeatin Riboside in the Potato Plant: Its Idendification and Changes in Endogenous Levels as Influnced bi Temperature and Photoperiod. Plant. Phisiol. 62: 438-441.
• Menzel, C.M., 1984. The Potato as a Potential Crop for the Lowland; Tropics. Tropical Agriculture (Triniad) 61: 162-166.
• Menzel, C.M., 1985. Tuberization in Potato at High Temperatures; Interaction Between Shoot and Root Temperatures, Annals of Botany, 52: 65-69.
• Obata-Sasomoto, H., and Suzuki, H., 1979. Activities of Enzymes Relating to Starch Synthesis and Endogenous Levels of Growth Regulators in Potato Stolon Tips During Tüberisation. Physiol. Plant. 45: 320-324.
• Okazawa, I., 1970. Physiological Significiance of Endogenous Cytokinin Occured in Potato Tubers During their Development Period. Pioc. Crop. Soc. Japan, 39: 171-176.
• Palavan, N., 1993. Bitki Büyüme Maddeleri, Ü.I.N.:3677, E.I.N.:4, 180-185, İstanbul.
• Palmer, C.E. and Smith, O.E., 1970. Effect of Kinetin on Tuber Formation on Isolated Stolons of Solarium tuberosum L. Cultured in Vitro. Plant Cell Physiol. 11: 303-314.
• Salisbury, F.B., Ross, C.W., 1991. Plant Physiology, 4 th. Ed., Wadsworth Publishing C., 499-500 pp., Belmont, California.
• Satteimacher, B. and Marshner, H., 1979. Cytokinin Activity in Stolons and Tubers of Solarium tuberosum L. During the Period of İsation. Physiol. Plant. 44: 69-72.
• Skene, K.G.M. and Kerridge, G.H., 1967. Effect of Root Temperature on Cytokinin Activity' in Root Exudate of Vitis vinifera C.. Plant Physiology (42): 1131-1139.
• Steward, F.C., Moreno, U., Roca, W.M., 1981. Growth, From and Composition of Potato Plants as Affected by Enviroinent, Suppl. to Ann. of Bot., 48: 1-45.
• Yentür, S., 1987. Bitkilerde Yumru Oluşması, Doğa Botanik D , 11(2): 256-263.