Toprak Tuzluluğunun Bitki Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 1997, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 323 - 335, 01.12.1997

Sahriye Sönmez Mustafa Kaplan

Öz

Tuzluluk, topraklarda veya toprak horizonlarında suda çözünen tuzların birikmesidir. Tuzluluğun bitki gelişimini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden birisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bitkilerin tuzlu şartlarda gelişme ve büyüme kapasiteleri birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir ve tuza karşı toleranslanrı genetik özelliklerinin yanısıra çevresel faktörlerden de etkilenmektedir. Genellikle, tuzlu bir ortamda yetişen bitkilerin gelişimi zayıf olmakta ve bitki bodur kalmaktadır. Çünkü tuzlu şartlar altında toprak çözeltisinin osmotik potansiyeli yükselmekte ve bu nedenle bitkilerin su alımı güçleşmektedir. Ayrıca bazı elementler doğrudan toksik etki yapmaktadırlar (örneğin; Cl, B). Tuzluluk, bitkilerin hem gelişim safhaları boyunca hem de metabolik işlevleri üzerine olumsuz etkide bulunmaktadır. Bitki türlerinin tuz toleranslarına karar vermede bir kriter olarak tuzlu şartlarda hayatta kalabilen bitkiler kullanılmakta ve bunun en iyi göstergesi olarak da bitkinin verimi dikkate alınmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar ortamdaki tuz miktarının artmasıyla doğru orantılı olarak verimin düştüğünü göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tuzluluk, Bitki Gelişimi, Bitkilerin Metabolik İşlemleri, Bitki Tuz Toleransı

Effects of Soil Salinity on Plant Growth

Öz

Salinity is the accumulation of water soluble salt in soils or soil horizons. It is one of the most important factors affecting plant grovvth. Crop plants differ widely in their capability to grow and develop under saline conditions. The tolerance of a plant to salinity is affected by the environmental factors apart from the genetic properties. In general, the main characteristics of crops on a salt affected soil are the presence of a poor and patchy crop stand along with the stunted plant growth due to the increase at the osmotic pressure of the soil solution and the decrease of water absorption of crop plants. Moreover, some elements may have direct toxic effects (for example; Cl, B). Salinity adversely affect both all the stages of growth and the metabolic processes in crop plants. It is used plant survival in saline environment as a criteria to decide the salt tolerance of plant species and crop yield is considered as an important indication of this. Investigations on salt tolerance indicate that the yield of the crop plants shows a linearly decrease with increasing salinity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salinity, Plant Growth, Metabolic Processes of Plants, Crop Salt Tolerance

Kaynakça

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