The Methods of Quantification of Plant Water Stress and Their usage for Irrigation Timing

Yıl 1994, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 114 - 128, 01.12.1994

Ruhi Baştuğ

Öz

The irrigation scheduling which is described as the determination of irrigation time and the amount of water that should be applied, is a concept for optimizing of water use for land.
Nowadays, there are a number of methods which are widely used for irrigation scheduling based on soil data, meteorological data and plant data. Because plants respond to aerial environment as well as soil environment, the irrigation scheduling which is based on direct measurements of some plant parameters is more adequate approach than other methods.
The purpose of this article was to describe the stress indices, which were quantified the plant water stress based on measurements of plants, and their usage for irrigation timing was evaluated. For this purpose Stress Day Index (SDI) Stress Degree Day (SDD) Concept, Temperature Stress Day (TSD) Canopy Temperature Variability (CTV), Critical Point Model (CPM) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) were reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Plant Water Stress, Irrigation Timing, irrigation scheduling

Bitki Su Stresinin Niceliksel İfade Biçimleri ve Sulama Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılmaları

Öz

Sulama programlaması, sulama zamanının ve uygulanacak su miktarının belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanan ve su kullanımının optimizasyonunu sağlayan bir kavramdır.
Günümüzde, sulama programlamasında toprağı, meteorolojik verileri ve bitkiyi esas alan bir çok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bitkiler, hem atmosfer hem de toprağa ilişkin çevrelerine tepki gösterdiklerinden doğrudan bitkiye ilişkin bazı parametrelerin ölçülmesi yoluyla sulama programlaması daha doğru bir yaklaşım olmaktadır.
Bu makalenin amacı, bitkiyi esas alan ölçümlerden yararlanarak bitki su stresini niceliksel olarak ifade eden değişik stres indekslerinin açıklanması ve bunların sulama zamanının belirlenmesinde kullanımlarının değerlendirmesidir. Bu amaçla Stresli Gün indeksi (SDI), Stres-Derece-Gün (SDD) Kavramı, Sıcaklık Stresli Gün (TSD) İndeksi, Taç Sıcaklığı Değişkenliği (CTV), Kritik Nokta Modeli (CPM) ve Bitki Su Stres indeksi (CWSI) olarak bilinen indeksler gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bitki Su Stresi, Sulama Zamanı, Sulama programlaması

Kaynakça

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