Damla Sulama Yöntemi ve Tasarım İlkeleri

Yıl 1988, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 11 - 25, 01.06.1988

Feridun Hakgören

Öz

Damla sulama, lateraller üzerindeki başlıklarla suyun düşük basınç altında yavaş fakat kısa aralıklarla toprağa uygulanmasıdır. Hatlarda pürüzsüz borudaki türbülanslı akışın var olduğu kabul edilerek sürtünme kaybı bu konuda geliştirilmiş eşitlikler kullanılarak elde edilebilir. Bu sistemlerde sürtünme kaybı boru uzunluğunun üstsel bir fonksiyonudur. Sistemde basınç dağılımı biliniyorsa damlatıcı debilerinin dağılımını saptamak mümkündür. Böylece debi dağılımından üniformluk katsayısı da hesaplanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Damla Sulama, Tasarım, nomograph

Drip lrrigation Method and Design Principles

Öz

Drip irrigation is the frequent and slow application of water to soil under low pressure through mechanical devices called emitters located along the plasic lateral pipes which are very smoth. The flow of water in the pipe is generally turbulent with smooth boundaries. The friction losses in a drip line can be computed by using some equations such as Darcy-Weisbah, Hazen-Williams and B1asius. The friction losses in a drip irrigation system is an exponential function of the lenght of the pipe. Pressure variations a long a drip irrigation line are primarily due to friction and slope. If the pressure distribution is know, the emitter discharge distribution can be easily determined. A uniformity coefficient can be calcutated from the discharge distribution.
An alternative solution method was presented in a nomogragh form in this study. The nomograph consist of design pressure and lenght of drip line, total flow rate, slope of the line and uniformite coefficient. This nomograph will help to design lateral and submain lines based on acceptable uniformity. The designer will be able to use different combinations of pressure and pipe lenght in order to obtain an acceptable and suitable drip planning on the field condition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drip lrrigation, Design, nomograph

Kaynakça

• Bucks, D.A., et al., 1982. Principles, Practices and Patentialities of Tricle (drip) Irrigation. Advances in Irrigation vol. 1, Academic Press. New York.
• Christiansen, J.E., 1942. Irrigation by Sprinkling. Bull.Calif Agric. Exp. Stn. 670, 1-24.
• Howell, T.A. and et al., 1983. Design and Operation Trickle (drip) Systems. Oesign and Operation Form Irrigation System, Chapter 16.663-714. ASAE Monogragh.
• Hughes, T.C. and Jepsen, R.lil., 1978. Hydraulic Friction Loss in Small Diameter Plastic Pipelines. Water Resour. Bull 14(5), 1159-1166.
• Korukçu, A., 1980. Damla Sulama Yan Boru Uzunluklarının Saptanması üzerinde Gir Araştırma. Ankara Uni.Ziraat Fak. Yayınları, 742, Ankara.
• Myers, L.E. and Bucks, D.A., 1972. Uniform Irrigation with Low-Pressure Trickle Systems. J.Irrig.Drainage Div. Am., Soc. Civ., Eng. 98 (IR3), 341-346.
• Nir, D., 1982. Drip Irrigation. CRC Handbook of Irrigation Technology, Vol.I 247-298, CRC Press, Florida.
• Wu, I.P. and Gitlin, H.M., 1973. Hydraulics and Uniformity for Drip Irrigation, Journal of the Irring. and Drain. Div. Am., Soc., Vol. 99, No:IR2, 157-168.
• Wu, I.P. and Gitlin, H.M., 1974. Design of Drip Irrigation Lines. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Station, Techical Bull. No:96.29.5.
• Wu, I.P., 1977. A General Drip Irrigation Design Calculator. 7 th. Inter'l, Agr. Plastic Cong. Proc. San Diago. CA. 54-60.
• Wu, I.P., 1985. A Uni-Plot Drip Irrigation Lateral and Submain Design Transaction^, of the ASAE. 522-528.