Doğal Havalandırmanın Kümeslerdeki Psikro­metrik Sonuçlara Etkisi ve Etkinliğini Artırma Olanakları

Yıl 1988, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 26 - 41, 01.06.1988

Salim Mutaf

Öz

Araştırma, tropik günlerde (yüksek sıcaklık ≥ 30°C) kapalı ve açık doğal havalandırmalı kümeslerdeki hava değişiminin psikrometrik sonuçlara olan etkisinin belirlenmesi ve doğal havalandırmanın etkinliğini artırma olanaklarının ortaya konulması amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Doğal hava değişiminin, kümeslerdeki psikrometrik sonuçlarda büyük farklılıklara neden olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Kümeslerde havalandırma ile olan ısı kaybı, gizli ısı şeklinde olmuştur. Bunun sonucu olarakta, kümeslerdeki iç havanın kuru termometre sıcaklıkları, dış havanın kuru termometre sıcaklığından 0.00-1.50 °C daha düşük bulunmuştur.
Kümeslerdeki gerekli yaz havai debisi, iç-dış hava sıcaklıkları arasındaki Fark 1-2 °C olduğunda 4-8 m³.saat^-1.kg^-1. canlı ağırlık olarak hesaplanmıştır. Doğal havalandırmanın etkinliğini artırmak için; mahyada sürekli ve fenerli havalandırma boşluğu sağlanmalı, yan duvarlardaki havalandırma boşlukları, uzun yan duvar alanlarının % 40-50'nin altına düşürülmemeli, etkin hava çıkış boşluğu ile hava giriş boşluğu arasındaki oran en az 1/2 ya da 1/3 olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal Havalandırma, Kümes, latent heat

The Effect of Natural Ventilation on Psych­rometrlc In Poultry Houses and Possibility of Increasing Its Efficiency

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of summer-ventilation air exchange on psychrometric results in closed and open type of poultry houses with natural ventilation and possibility of increasing its efficiency.
The results obtained in this study showed that there is no considerable changes in psychrometric peculiarities of poultry houses coused by high tempera¬ture (tâ30°) during the summer mounths. The ventilation heat loses in all houses were related with the latent heat. The latent heat of vaporization was acquired from the air and in relation to this the dry-bulb temperature of inside air was 0.00-1.50°C lower than autside air.
When the temperature difference between inside and outside air was 1- 2°C, the ventilation rate was calculated as 4-8 m.³hr^-1.per kg live weight. The natural ventilation design characteristics and structural dimensions necessary to increase th efficiency of the natural ventilation system in poultry houses are; the ridge should be provided continuous capped ventilation opening, side walls ventilation openings should comprise at least 40-50 % of the lateral walls area, the raito of effective ridge outlet opening to effective inlet opening should be at least 1/2 or 1/3; the ridge height of building should not be less than 5 m.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural Ventilation, Poultry Houses, latent heat

Kaynakça

• Abshoff, V.A. 1984. Das Biologiscbe Klima Im KSlberstall. Grundl. der Landtechnik. Bd. 34.Mr.5. S.185-191.
• Albright, L.O. ve Scott, N.R. 1974. An Analysis of Steady Periodic Building Temperature Variation in Warm Weather. Part II. Experimental Verification and Simulation Transaction of the ASAE. S.93-98.
• Andersen, K.T. 1982. Natural Ventilation in Existing Animal Houses. A Theoretical Analyses. CIGR Sektion II. Arbeitstagung. Braunschweig S.579-586.
• Anonymous, 1983. Design of Ventilation Systems for Poultry and Livestock Shelters. Agricultural Engineers Yearbook of Standards D. 270.4. S.360-377.
• Boon, C.R. 1978. Airflow Patterns and Temperature Distribution in a Experimental Piggery. J.Agric. Engng. Res 23, S.129-139.
• Bottcher, R.W., Willts, D.H. ve Baughman, G.R., 1986. Experimental Analysis of Wind Ventilation of Poultry Buildings. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Vol. 29(2) S.571-578.
• Bruce, J.M. 1973. Natural Ventilation By Stack Effect. Scottish Farm Building Investigation Unit. April S.23-27.
• Bruce, J.M. 1975. The Open Ridge as a Ventilator in Livestock Buildings. Scottish Farm Building Investigation Unit November, S.l-8.
• Bruce, J.M. 1977. Natural Ventilation 1st Role and Application in the Bio-Climatic System. Scottish Farmbuilding Investigation Unit. February S.l-8.
• Bruce, J.M. 1978. Natural Convection Through Openings and Its Application to Cattle Building Ventilation. I.Agric. Engng Res. 23, S.151-167.
• Bruce, J.M. 1982. Ventilation of a Model Livestock Building By Thermal Buoyancy. Transaction of the ASAE. S.1724-1726.
• Drury, L.N. ve Baxter, D.O. 1960. Poultry Houses and Equipment for the South. Agricultural Engineering. September, S.580-583.
• Dybwad, I.R., Hellickson, M.A., Johnson, C.E. ve floe, D.L. 1974. Ridge Vent Effects on Model Building Ventilation Characteristics. Transaction of the ASAE. S.366-370.
• Esmay, M.L., Saeed, M. ve Wells, G.D. 1968. Psychrometrics of Summer-Ventilation Air Exhange in Windowless Poultry Houses. Transaction of the ASAE. S.78- 85.
• Koenigsberger, O.H., Ingersoll, T.G., Mayhew, A. ue Szokolay, S.V. 1970. Manual of Tropical Housing and Building. Part 1. Climatic Design. Longman Group Limited, London.
• Longhouse, A.D., Ota H. ue Ashby, UL I960. Heat and Moisture Design Data for Poultry Housing. Agricultural Engineering. September. S.567-576.
• Mahoney, G.W. ue Fryrear, J.I. 1985. Lee wall Vent Opening in Open Front Shelters, Effects on Wind Pressure. Transaction of the ASAE. S.538-541.
• Mutaf, S. 1980. Buharlaşma ile Serinletmenin Kümes içi Çevre Koşullarına Etkisi. Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:341, Bornova-lzmir.
• Phillips, R.E. ve Esmay, M.L. 1973. Systems Model Summer Environment in Egg Production Facility. Transaction of the ASAE. S.152-156.
• Randall, J.M. 1975. The Prediction of Airflow Patterns in Livestock Buildings. J.Agric. Engng. Res. 20, S.199-215.
• Randall, J.M. 1977. A Handbook on the Design of a Ventilation System for Liuestock Buildings Using Step Control and Automatic Vents. National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Report No:28, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford.
• Ström, J.S. ue Feenstra, A., 1980. Warmeabgabe bei Rindern, Schweinen und Gef- lügel. KTBL Arbeitspapier 69, Darmstadt.
• Timmons, M.B. ve Baughman, G.R. 1981. Similitude Analysis of Ventilation by the Stack Effect from an Open Ridge Liuestock Structure. Transaction of the ASAE. S.1030-1034.
• Walker, P.N., Galis, E.A., Manbeck, H.B. ue Meyer, D.J. 1986. Wall Surface Heat Exchanger for Ventilation Air. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Vol. 29(2) S.565-570.