The Role of the Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Current Findings and Future Research

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 253 - 261, 24.12.2025

Özlem Totuk , Güldeniz Çetin , Şevki Sahin

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1533741

Öz

Glymphatic system (GS) is a drainage system formed by glial cells that removes waste and soluble molecules from the brain interstitial space through the cerebrospinal fluid. Just as it plays an important role in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, it also has a function in all neurological diseases. Failure to remove waste materials is one of the most important causes of chronic neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging, sleep, inflammation and various diseases negatively affect the function of the glymphatic system. Studies on the modulation of Aquaporin 4 channels in neurodegenerative diseases have shown promising results regarding the dysfunctions of this system. This review aims to present the current information on the functioning of GS, the factors that cause its deterioration and its relationship with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NBH), stroke, epilepsy, amyotrophic diseases, etc. It summarizes the focus on disease groups such as lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases (NMOSD), migraine, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glymphatic system , neurodegenerative disease , headache , demyelinating disease , epilepsy , stroke.

Nörolojik Hastalıklarda Gilenfatik Sistemin Rolü: Güncel Bulgular ve Geleceğe Yönelik Araştırmalar

Öz

Gilenfatik sistem (GS), glial hücreler tarafından oluşturulan, beyin omurilik sıvısı aracılığı ile beyin interstisyel alandan atık ve çözünebilir moleküllerin uzaklaştırılmasını sağlayan bir drenaj sistemidir. Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patolojisinde önemli bir rol oynadığı gibi tüm nörolojik hastalıklarda da fonksiyonu mevcuttur. Atık maddelerin uzaklaştırılamaması nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda kronik nöroinflamasyonun en önemli sebeplerinden birisidir. Yaşlanma, uyku, inflamasyon ve çeşitli hastalıklar gilenfatik sistemin fonksiyonunu olumsuz etkiler. Nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda Aquaporin 4 kanallarının modülasyonu üzerine yapılan çalışmalar bu sistemin işlev bozukluklarına dair umut vadeden sonuçlar göstermiştir. Bu derleme, GS’in işleyişi, bozulmasına neden olan faktörler ve nörolojik hastalıklar ile ilişkisi üzerine mevcut bilgileri Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), Parkinson Hastalığı (PH), Huntington hastalığı (HH), normal basınçlı hidrosefali (NBH), inme, epilepsi, amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS), multipl skleroz (MS), nöromiyelitis optika spektrum hastalıkları (NMOSH), migren, idiyopatik intrakraniyal hipertansiyon (İİH), travmatik beyin hasarı (TBH) odak hastalık grupları üzerinden özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gilenfatik sistem , nörodejeneratif hastalık , başağrısı , demiyelinizan hastalık , epilepsi , inme

Kaynakça

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