Temporomandibular Eklem Hastalıkları Hastalık Etiyolojisi, Tanı, Görüntüleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 10 - 18, 02.03.2026

Servet Bozkurt , Zeynep Topuz , Semih Ayrıkçil

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1765516

https://izlik.org/JA22XX42LU

Öz

Temporomandibular eklem bozuklukları (TMB) çiğneme fonksiyonu, konuşma ve yüz dinamiklerini etkileyen kompleks durumlar olup multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektirir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, TMB etiyolojisi, klinik bulguları, tanı yöntemleri ve tedavi yaklaşımlarını kapsayan kapsamlı bir derleme sunmaktır. Fiziksel, psikososyal ve biyopsikososyal faktörlerin TMB etkisi incelenmiş; hasta öyküsü, klinik muayene ve panoramik radyografi, CBCT, MRG ve ultrasonografi gibi görüntüleme yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Konservatif tedavi seçenekleri (stabilizasyon splintleri, manuel terapi, egzersiz tedavisi, farmakoterapi ve elektroterapi) ile cerrahi tedavi endikasyonları sistematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. TMB, eklem ve kas kaynaklı sorunlar ile davranışsal ve psikososyal faktörlerin birleşimiyle ortaya çıkar. Konservatif tedavi, özellikle stabilizasyon splintleri, egzersiz programları ve manuel terapi ile semptomlarda iyileşme, fonksiyonel düzelme ve çiğneme kaslarında olumlu değişiklikler sağlanabilmektedir. Görüntüleme yöntemleri, özellikle MRG ve CBCT, doğru tanı ve tedavi planlaması için kritik öneme sahiptir. Cerrahi tedavi, konservatif yöntemlere yanıt vermeyen yapısal eklem patolojisi olan hastalar için gereklidir. TMB, çok faktörlü ve bireyselleştirilmiş yaklaşım gerektiren hastalıklardır. Klinik muayene, biyopsikososyal değerlendirme ve ileri görüntüleme yöntemleri doğru tanı ve etkili tedavi planlaması için temel oluşturmaktadır. Kişiye özel stabilizasyon splintleri, davranışsal ve fizyoterapötik yaklaşımlarla desteklendiğinde etkili bir ilk basamak tedavi sağlar. Cerrahi tedavi ise seçilmiş vakalar için uygulanmalıdır. Düzenli takipler, tedavi başarısının sürdürülmesi ve gerekli ayarlamaların yapılması açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temporomandibular Eklem Bozuklukları , Splint Tedavisi , Temporomandibular eklem

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Etiology, Diagnosis, Imaging, and Treatment Methods

https://izlik.org/JA22XX42LU

Öz

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are complex conditions that affect chewing function, speech, and facial dynamics, and require a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive review covering the etiology, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches of TMD. The effects of physical, psychosocial, and biopsychosocial factors on TMD were examined; patient history, clinical examination, and imaging methods such as panoramic radiography, CBCT, MRI, and ultrasonography were evaluated. Conservative treatment options (stabilization splints, manual therapy, exercise therapy, pharmacotherapy, and electrotherapy) and surgical treatment indications were systematically analyzed. TMD arises from a combination of joint- and muscle-related problems together with behavioral and psychosocial factors. Conservative treatment, particularly with stabilization splints, exercise programs, and manual therapy, can provide symptom relief, functional improvement, and positive changes in the masticatory muscles. Imaging methods, especially MRI and CBCT, are of critical importance for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Surgical treatment is necessary for patients with structural joint pathology who do not respond to conservative methods. TMD are multifactorial disorders requiring an individualized approach. Clinical examination, biopsychosocial evaluation, and advanced imaging methods form the basis for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Custom-made stabilization splints, when supported by behavioral and physiotherapeutic approaches, provide an effective first-line treatment. Surgical treatment should be applied only in selected cases. Regular follow-up is of critical importance for maintaining treatment success and making necessary adjustments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temporomandibular joint disorders , splint therapy , Temporomandibular joint

Kaynakça

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