The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives

Naci Polat

doi:10.17827/aktd.1786626

EN TR

The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives

Öz

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with a pivotal role in human health. Through its incorporation into selenoproteins, Se contributes to antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, immune regulation, and maintenance of redox balance. Both deficiency and excess intake are linked to significant clinical outcomes. Deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, and immune dysfunctions, while excessive intake can lead to selenosis and toxicity. This review summarizes the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of Se; its biochemical significance through selenoproteins; its metabolic functions and associations with various diseases; analytical methods used for its measurement; and the emerging biomedical applications of selenium nanoparticles. Comparative insights with other trace elements are also provided. Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies highlights the importance of maintaining Se levels within physiological ranges. Furthermore, national studies from Turkey indicate that the consequences of Se deficiency and excess on public health require further detailed investigation. Future research perspectives include randomized controlled trials, bioinformatics-based exploration of selenoprotein networks, and the clinical evaluation of Se nanoparticles as therapeutic agents. Public health approaches, including targeted supplementation and fortification programs, remain essential in Se-deficient regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Selenium, Antioxidants, Selenoproteins, Oxidative Stress, Nanoparticles

Destekleyen Kurum

No external institution supported this study.

Proje Numarası

Not applicable (This review article was not supported by a specific project number). Geçerli değil (Bu derleme makalesi belirli bir proje numarası ile desteklenmemiştir).

Etik Beyan

This is a review article; therefore, no studies with human participants or animals were performed by the author. Ethical approval was not required.

Teşekkür

The author thanks the colleagues and institutions that provided indirect support during the literature search and manuscript preparation.

Selenyumun İnsan Sağlığındaki Rolü: Biyokimyasal Fonksiyonlar, Antioksidan Mekanizmalar ve Klinik Perspektifler

Öz

Selenyum (Se), insan sağlığı açısından kritik öneme sahip temel bir eser elementtir. Selenoproteinlere katılımı yoluyla antioksidan savunmaya, tiroid hormon metabolizmasına, immün sistemin düzenlenmesine ve redoks dengesinin korunmasına katkı sağlar. Hem yetersizliği hem de fazlalığı önemli klinik sonuçlarla ilişkilidir. Eksiklik kardiyovasküler, endokrin, nörolojik ve immün işlev bozuklukları ile ilişkiliyken; aşırı alım selenozis ve toksisiteye yol açabilmektedir. Bu derleme, Se’nin sindirimi, emilimi ve metabolizmasını; selenoproteinler aracılığıyla biyokimyasal önemini; metabolik fonksiyonlarını ve hastalıklarla ilişkisini; ölçüm yöntemlerini ve selenyum nanopartiküllerinin biyomedikal uygulamalarını özetlemektedir. Ayrıca diğer eser elementlerle karşılaştırmalı bilgiler de sunulmaktadır. Epidemiyolojik ve klinik veriler, Se düzeylerinin fizyolojik sınırlar içinde tutulmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Türkiye’de yapılan ulusal çalışmalar ise Se yetersizliği ve fazlalığının toplum sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin daha ayrıntılı şekilde incelenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Gelecek araştırmalar arasında randomize kontrollü çalışmalar, selenoprotein ağlarının biyoinformatik tabanlı incelenmesi ve Se nanopartiküllerinin terapötik potansiyelinin klinik olarak değerlendirilmesi yer almaktadır. Halk sağlığı yaklaşımları kapsamında, hedeflenmiş takviye ve gıda fortifikasyonu, Se eksikliği yaygın bölgelerde önemini korumaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Selenyum, Antioksidanlar, Selenoproteinler, Oksidatif Stres, Nanopartiküller

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum tarafından doğrudan desteklenmemiştir.

Proje Numarası

Not applicable (This review article was not supported by a specific project number). Geçerli değil (Bu derleme makalesi belirli bir proje numarası ile desteklenmemiştir).

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma bir derleme makalesi olup, insan veya hayvan katılımcılar üzerinde herhangi bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Teşekkür

Yazar, literatür taraması ve makalenin hazırlanması sürecinde dolaylı destek sağlayan meslektaşlarına ve kurumlara teşekkür eder.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kardiyoloji , Nöroloji ve Nöromüsküler Hastalıklar

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Naci Polat ^*
0000-0001-9505-2468
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

17 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

9 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1786626

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78YN78UK

APA

Polat, N. (2026). The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 35(2), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1786626

AMA

1.Polat N. The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives. aktd. 2026;35(2):131-143. doi:10.17827/aktd.1786626

Chicago

Polat, Naci. 2026. “The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 (2): 131-43. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1786626.

EndNote

Polat N (01 Haziran 2026) The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 2 131–143.

IEEE

[1]N. Polat, “The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives”, aktd, c. 35, sy 2, ss. 131–143, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.17827/aktd.1786626.

ISNAD

Polat, Naci. “The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 131-143. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1786626.

JAMA

1.Polat N. The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives. aktd. 2026;35:131–143.

MLA

Polat, Naci. “The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, c. 35, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 131-43, doi:10.17827/aktd.1786626.

Vancouver

1.Naci Polat. The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives. aktd. 01 Haziran 2026;35(2):131-43. doi:10.17827/aktd.1786626

The Role of Selenium in Human Health: Biochemical Functions, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspectives

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Etik Beyan

Teşekkür

Selenyumun İnsan Sağlığındaki Rolü: Biyokimyasal Fonksiyonlar, Antioksidan Mekanizmalar ve Klinik Perspektifler

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Etik Beyan

Teşekkür

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

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