Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes

Neriman Ezgin

doi:10.17827/aktd.1833648

EN TR

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes

Öz

Sleep is critical for memory consolidation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. In rodents primarily rats, with complementary evidence from mice experimental studies demonstrate that distinct sleep stages, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (including its slow-wave sleep, SWS, component) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, support different aspects of memory processing. Spindle-rich NREM sleep facilitates thalamo-cortical communication and early-stage memory integration, while SWS promotes hippocampo-cortical replay through sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events and synaptic downscaling. REM sleep, defined by hippocampal theta oscillations and cortical desynchronization, contributes to memory integration, emotional processing, and spatial learning. Sleep fragmentation disrupts these oscillatory patterns, impairs synaptic plasticity, reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and alters dendritic spine morphology, leading to deficits in spatial, associative, and working memory. Coordinated transitions between NREM and REM, regulated by monoaminergic, cholinergic, and pontine circuits, have been proposed to support effective memory consolidation. This review synthesizes electrophysiological, cellular, and molecular findings from rodent studies, highlighting the interplay between sleep-stage-specific oscillations, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive outcomes, and discusses the translational relevance and limitations of extrapolating these polyphasic-sleep findings to human, monophasic sleep architecture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sleep, Memory Consolidation, REM, NREM, Synaptic Plasticity

Kemirgen Modellerinde Uykuya Bağlı Bellek Konsolidasyonunun Nörobiyolojik Mekanizmaları: Nöral Salınımlardan Sinaptik Plastisiteye ve Davranışsal Sonuçlara

Öz

Uyku, bellek konsolidasyonu, sinaptik plastisite ve bilişsel işlevler için kritik öneme sahiptir. Başta sıçanlar olmak üzere, farelerden elde edilen tamamlayıcı kanıtlarla desteklenen kemirgen modellerinde yürütülen deneysel çalışmalar, hızlı göz hareketlerinin olmadığı uyku (NREM; bunun yavaş dalga uykusu (slow-wave sleep, SWS) bileşeni dâhil) ile hızlı göz hareketleri uykusunun (REM) bellek işlemenin farklı yönlerini desteklediğini göstermektedir. İğcik (spindle) açısından zengin NREM uykusu, talamokortikal iletişimi ve belleğin erken dönem bütünleşmesini kolaylaştırırken, SWS, keskin dalga-ripple (sharp-wave ripple, SWR) olayları ve sinaptik aşağı ölçekleme (synaptic downscaling) yoluyla hipokampo-kortikal yeniden oynatımı (replay) desteklemektedir. Hipokampal theta osilasyonları ve kortikal desenkronizasyon ile karakterize edilen REM uykusu ise bellek bütünleşmesine, duygusal işlemlere ve uzamsal öğrenmeye katkıda bulunmaktadır. Uyku parçalanması, bu osilatuvar örüntüleri bozarak sinaptik plastisiteyi olumsuz etkilemekte, erişkin hipokampal nörogenezi azaltmakta ve dendritik diken (spine) morfolojisini değiştirmekte; bunun sonucunda uzamsal, ilişkisel ve çalışma belleğinde bozukluklara yol açmaktadır. Monoaminerjik, kolinerjik ve pontin devreler tarafından düzenlenen NREM ve REM uykusu arasındaki koordineli geçişler, etkili bellek konsolidasyonu için temel öneme sahiptir. Bu derleme, kemirgen çalışmalarından elde edilen elektrofizyolojik, hücresel ve moleküler bulguları sentezleyerek uyku evrelerine özgü osilasyonlar, sinaptik plastisite ve bilişsel çıktılar arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koymakta; ayrıca kemirgenlerin polifazik uyku yapısından elde edilen bulguların, insanların monofazik uyku mimarisine genellenmesinin translasyonel önemi ve sınırlılıklarını tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

uyku, Bellek Konsolidasyonu, REM, NREM, Sinaptik Plastisite

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sinirbilim (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Neriman Ezgin ^*
0000-0002-7016-2334
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

22 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

20 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1833648

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA72YW62AR

APA

Ezgin, N. (2026). Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 35(3), 216-234. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1833648

AMA

1.Ezgin N. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes. aktd. 2026;35(3):216-234. doi:10.17827/aktd.1833648

Chicago

Ezgin, Neriman. 2026. “Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 (3): 216-34. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1833648.

EndNote

Ezgin N (01 Eylül 2026) Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 3 216–234.

IEEE

[1]N. Ezgin, “Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes”, aktd, c. 35, sy 3, ss. 216–234, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.17827/aktd.1833648.

ISNAD

Ezgin, Neriman. “Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 216-234. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1833648.

JAMA

1.Ezgin N. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes. aktd. 2026;35:216–234.

MLA

Ezgin, Neriman. “Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, c. 35, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 216-34, doi:10.17827/aktd.1833648.

Vancouver

1.Neriman Ezgin. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes. aktd. 01 Eylül 2026;35(3):216-34. doi:10.17827/aktd.1833648

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Rodent Models: From Neural Oscillations to Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Outcomes

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kemirgen Modellerinde Uykuya Bağlı Bellek Konsolidasyonunun Nörobiyolojik Mekanizmaları: Nöral Salınımlardan Sinaptik Plastisiteye ve Davranışsal Sonuçlara

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