Derleme

Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants

Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3 22 Eylül 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants

Öz

Does vertebral augmentation cause adjacent fractures? This question has been debated since vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty entered routine practice, and reported incidences range from 7% to 29% across heterogeneous cohorts. Two hypotheses dominate. The first attributes the risk to mechanical stiffening of the augmented vertebral body and draws on finite-element and cadaveric work. The second points to underlying osteoporotic disease, because candidates for augmentation already carry a high baseline risk. A 2024 network meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials found no statistically significant overall increase in adjacent-fracture risk compared with conservative management. We propose that these pooled estimates mask a temporal pattern, because most adjacent fractures cluster within the first three postoperative months, whereas later events resemble the natural history of untreated osteoporosis. On the basis of this observation, we propose a time-stratified framework. In the early window, procedure-related stress redistribution dominates, and modifiable technical factors are most important: cement volume, distribution symmetry, and intradiscal leakage. In the late window, the dominant driver is ongoing systemic bone fragility, which is addressed mainly through pharmacological therapy. After synthesizing biomechanical, observational, and randomized evidence in support of this dual-mechanism model, we outline a clinical decision framework organized around the temporal split. In most cases, adjacent fractures that occur beyond three months are better understood as a manifestation of ongoing and often inadequately treated osteoporosis than as a delayed complication of the procedure, although a mechanical contribution may persist in selected cases. Reducing the fracture burden in this population requires both technical optimization in the operating room and concurrent antiresorptive or anabolic treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, Spinal fractures, Osteoporotic fractures, Bone cements

Kaynakça

  1. Lindsay R, Silverman SL, Cooper C, Hanley DA, Barton I, Broy SB et al. Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. JAMA. 2001;285:320-3.
  2. Hinde K, Maingard J, Hirsch JA, Phan K, Asadi H, Chandra RV. Mortality outcomes of vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 2020;295:96-103.
  3. Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, Le Gars D. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie. 1987;33:166-8.
  4. Wardlaw D, Cummings SR, Van Meirhaeghe J, Bastian L, Tillman JB, Ranstam J et al. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373:1016-24.
  5. Klazen CA, Lohle PN, de Vries J, Jansen FH, Tielbeek AV, Blonk MC et al. Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VERTOS II): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1085-92.
  6. Clark W, Bird P, Gonski P, Diamond TH, Smerdely P, McNeil HP et al. Safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty for acute painful osteoporotic fractures (VAPOUR): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;388:1408-16.
  7. Trout AT, Kallmes DF, Kaufmann TJ. New fractures after vertebroplasty: adjacent fractures occur significantly sooner. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27:217-23.
  8. Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang P, Xue F, Zhang D, Jiang B. What are the risk factors for adjacent vertebral fracture after vertebral augmentation? A meta-analysis of published studies. Global Spine J. 2022;12:130-41.
  9. Baroud G, Nemes J, Heini P, Steffen T. Load shift of the intervertebral disc after a vertebroplasty: a finite-element study. Eur Spine J. 2003;12:421-6.
  10. Polikeit A, Nolte LP, Ferguson SJ. The effect of cement augmentation on the load transfer in an osteoporotic functional spinal unit: finite-element analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28:991-6.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kara, A. K., & Topcu, A. (2026). Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 35(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1957314
AMA
1.Kara AK, Topcu A. Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants. aktd. 2026;35(3):189-200. doi:10.17827/aktd.1957314
Chicago
Kara, Ahmet Kürşat, ve Abdullah Topcu. 2026. “Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 (3): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1957314.
EndNote
Kara AK, Topcu A (01 Eylül 2026) Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35 3 189–200.
IEEE
[1]A. K. Kara ve A. Topcu, “Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants”, aktd, c. 35, sy 3, ss. 189–200, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.17827/aktd.1957314.
ISNAD
Kara, Ahmet Kürşat - Topcu, Abdullah. “Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 35/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1957314.
JAMA
1.Kara AK, Topcu A. Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants. aktd. 2026;35:189–200.
MLA
Kara, Ahmet Kürşat, ve Abdullah Topcu. “Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants”. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, c. 35, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 189-00, doi:10.17827/aktd.1957314.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Kürşat Kara, Abdullah Topcu. Adjacent Vertebral Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation: A Time-Based Review of Mechanical and Osteoporotic Determinants. aktd. 01 Eylül 2026;35(3):189-200. doi:10.17827/aktd.1957314