BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Gender Differences in Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 441 - 459, 01.12.2013

Öz

Anxiety could be described as an abnormal, unsubstantiated condition of fear and uneasiness with accompanying somatic symptoms. Pathological anxiety decision ensues; disproportion in between the level of stimulant and the evolving anxiety, exhibiting an increasing pattern in time instead of a steady or a decreasing one, preponderance of physical symptoms of anxiety in clinical picture, inconvenience of anxiety and functional impairment. Anxiety is both a psychological and a physiological condition with cognitive, somatic, emotional and behavioral components. Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disorders (25%). American National Comorbidity Survey data demonstrates a prevalence rate between 19.2% and 30.5%, in male and female genders respectively. Interaction in between biological and psychosocial factors might explain gender differences in anxiety disorders. Gender specific demographical traits should hold a clinician vigilant for comorbidity, symptom representation, severity and different aspects of the disorder. The choice of intervention and gender specific concerns is thus dealt with vigorous anticipation. In this compilation, studies regarding the distribution and differences in symptoms of anxiety disorders according to gender are reviewed.

Kaynakça

  • Reiger DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) experience. J Psychiatr Res. 1990; 24:3-14.
  • Valleni-Basile LA, Garrison CZ, Jackson KL, Waller JL, McKeown RE, Addy CL et al. Frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder in community sample of young adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994; 33:782-91.
  • Starcevic V, Djordjevic A, Latas M, Bogojevic G. Characteristics of agoraphobia in women and men with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Depress Anxiety. 1998; 8:8-13.
  • Yonkers KA, Bruce SE, Dyck IR, Keller MB. Chronicity, relapse, and illness-course of panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder: findings in men and women from 8 years of follow-up. Depress Anxiety. 2003; 17:173-9.
  • Stein MB, Walker JR, Forde DR. Gender differences in susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000; 38:619-28.
  • Roy-Byrne P, Geraci M. Life events and the course of illness in patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1986; 146:622-6.
  • Saunders BE, Villepontaux LA, Lipovsky JA, Kilpatrick DG, Veronen LJ. Child sexual assault as a risk factor for mental disorders among women. J Interpers Violence. 1992; 7:189-204.
  • Clayton AH, Steart RS, Fayyad R, Clary CM. Sex differences in clinical presentation and response in panic disorder: pooled data from sertraline treatment studies. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2004; 9:151Faravelli C. Life events preceding the onset of panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 1985; 9:103-5. Noyes R, Reich J, Christiansen J. Outcome of panic disorder: relationship to diagnostic subtypes and comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990; 47:809-18.
  • Klerman GL, Weissman MM, Quellette R, Johnson J, Greenwald S. Panic attacks in the community: social morbidity and health care utilization. JAMA.1991; 265:742-6.
  • Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62:617-27.

Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Cinsiyete Göre Semptom Farklılıkları

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 441 - 459, 01.12.2013

Öz

Anksiyete somatik belirtilerin eşlik ettiği, normal dışı, nedensiz bir tedirginlik ve korku hali olarak tanımlanabilir. Anksiyetenin patolojik olduğuna karar verebilmek için, uyaranın şiddeti ile ortaya çıkan anksiyetenin orantılı olmaması, zamanla azalmak yerine değişmemesi ya da şiddetlenmesi, klinik tabloya ağırlıklı olarak anksiyetenin fiziksel belirtilerinin hakim olması, anksiyeteye katlanılamaması ve işlevselliğin bozulması gerekir. Anksiyete bilişsel, somatik, duygusal ve davranışsal bileşenleri olan ruhsal ve fizyolojik bir durumdur. Anksiyete bozuklukları en yaygın ruhsal bozukluklardandır. Amerikan Ulusal Eştanı Çalışması verilerine göre yaşam boyu sıklık oranları kadınlarda %30,5, erkeklerde %19,2'dir. Biyolojik ve psikososyal etkenlerin birbirlerini etkileyerek anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyetler arasındaki farklılıklara neden oldukları düşünülebilir. Klinik bir bakış açısıyla cinsiyete özgü demografik özellikler eştanı, belirtilerin temsili, ciddiyeti ve bozukluğun değişik görünümleri konusunda klinisyeni uyanık tutar. Tedavide hangi tür girişimin seçileceğini ve cinsiyetle ilişkili hangi noktaların göz önünde tutulacağını öngörmesini sağlar. Bu derlemede, anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyete göre belirtilerin dağılımı ve farklılıkları ile ilgili çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Reiger DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) experience. J Psychiatr Res. 1990; 24:3-14.
  • Valleni-Basile LA, Garrison CZ, Jackson KL, Waller JL, McKeown RE, Addy CL et al. Frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder in community sample of young adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994; 33:782-91.
  • Starcevic V, Djordjevic A, Latas M, Bogojevic G. Characteristics of agoraphobia in women and men with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Depress Anxiety. 1998; 8:8-13.
  • Yonkers KA, Bruce SE, Dyck IR, Keller MB. Chronicity, relapse, and illness-course of panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder: findings in men and women from 8 years of follow-up. Depress Anxiety. 2003; 17:173-9.
  • Stein MB, Walker JR, Forde DR. Gender differences in susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000; 38:619-28.
  • Roy-Byrne P, Geraci M. Life events and the course of illness in patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1986; 146:622-6.
  • Saunders BE, Villepontaux LA, Lipovsky JA, Kilpatrick DG, Veronen LJ. Child sexual assault as a risk factor for mental disorders among women. J Interpers Violence. 1992; 7:189-204.
  • Clayton AH, Steart RS, Fayyad R, Clary CM. Sex differences in clinical presentation and response in panic disorder: pooled data from sertraline treatment studies. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2004; 9:151Faravelli C. Life events preceding the onset of panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 1985; 9:103-5. Noyes R, Reich J, Christiansen J. Outcome of panic disorder: relationship to diagnostic subtypes and comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990; 47:809-18.
  • Klerman GL, Weissman MM, Quellette R, Johnson J, Greenwald S. Panic attacks in the community: social morbidity and health care utilization. JAMA.1991; 265:742-6.
  • Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62:617-27.
Toplam 10 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ufuk Bal Bu kişi benim

Soner Çakmak Bu kişi benim

Şükrü Uğuz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Bal U, Çakmak S, Uğuz Ş. Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Cinsiyete Göre Semptom Farklılıkları. aktd. Aralık 2013;22(4):441-459.