BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

DNA Methylation

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 274 - 282, 01.12.2012

Öz

Methylation is a chemical reaction in biological systems for normal genome regulation and development. It is a well known type of epigenetic mechanism. Methylation which regulates gene expression via epigenetic events like gene activation, repression, and chromatin remodelling, consists of two methylation systems. One of these systems is DNA methylation whereas the other is protein (histone) methylation. These systems are associated with some fundamental abnormalities and diseases. This review highlights the role of methylation in normal genome function, how it can be arranged and which diseases it cause. Furthermore, the role of methylation in some diseases and its functions in epigenetic mechanism has been reviewed.

Kaynakça

  • Mann MRW, Bartolomei MS. Epigenetic reprogramming by maternal behaviour and pharmalogical intervention nature versus nurture; let’s the whole thing off. Epigenetics 2007; 2:22-8.
  • Grewal SI, Rice JC. Regulation of heterochromatin by histone methylation and small RNAs. Curr Ooin Cell Biol. 2004; 16:230-238.
  • Nakayama J, Rice JC, Strahl BD, Allis CD, Grewal SI. Role of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in epigenetic control of heterochromatin assembly. Science. 2001; 292(5514):110-113.
  • Bird A. Il2 transcription unleashed by active DNA demethylation. Nat Immunol. 2003; 4:208-9.
  • Baylin SB, Herman JG, Graff JR, Vertino PM, Issa JP. Alterations in DNA methylation: a fundamental aspect of neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res. 1998; 72:141-96.
  • Costello JF, Plass C. Methylation matters. Med Genet. 2001; 38;285-303.
  • Izmirli M, Alptekin D, Topcuoğlu MS, Güzel AI. Investigation of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in coronary by-passed patients due to coronary atherosclerosis etiology. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci.2009; 21:303-8.
  • Kazazian HH, Moran JV. The impact of L1 retrotransposons on the human genome. Nat Genet. 1998;19:19-24.
  • Ballestar E. An introduction to epigenetic. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011; 711:1-11.
  • Van Den Veyver IB, Zoghbi HY. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mutations in Rett syndrome. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2000; 10;275-9.
  • Maher ER, Reik W. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: imprinting in clusters revisited. J Clin Invest. 2000; 105:247-52.
  • Nicholls RD, Saitoh S, Horsthemke B. Imprinting in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Trends Genet. 1998; 14:194-200.
  • Tycko B. Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer. J Clin Invest. 2000; 105:401-7.
  • Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinsen K. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27:517-27.
  • Stern LL, Mason JB, Selhub J, Choi SW. Genomic DNA hypomethylation, a characteristic of most cancers, is present in peripheral leukocytes of individuals who are homozygous for the C677T polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomakers Prev. 2000; 9:849-53.
  • Green J, Goldwyn R. Annotation: Attachment disorganisation and psychopathology: New findings in attachment research and their potential implications for developmental psychopathology in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002; 43:835-46.
  • Seki Y, Williams L, Vuguin PM, Charron MJ. Minireview: Epigenetic programming of diabetes and obesity: animal models. Endocrinology. 2012; 153:1031-8.
  • Sapienza C, Lee J, Powell J, Erinle O, Yafai F, Reichert J, Siraj ES, Madaio M. DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic differences between diabetes patients with ESRD and diabetes patients without nephropathy. Epigenetics. 2011; 6:20-8.

DNA Metilasyonu

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 274 - 282, 01.12.2012

Öz

Metilasyon, biyolojik sistemlerde, genomun normal olarak düzenlenmesini ve gelişmesini sağlayan kimyasal bir reaksiyondur. Epigenetik mekanizmanın en iyi bilinenidir. Gen aktivasyonu, baskılanması ve kromatin şekillenmesi gibi epigenetik olaylarda yani gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesini sağlayan metilasyon, iki sistem içermektedir. Bu sistemlerden biri DNA metilasyonu diğeri ise protein (histon) metilasyonudur. Bunlar bazı yapısal anomaliler ve hastalıklar ile ilişkilidir. Bu derleme, metilasyonun genomdaki fonksiyonunu, nasıl düzenlendiğini ve hangi hastalıklara neden olduğunun altı çizilmiştir. Ayrıca metilasyonun hastalıklardaki rolü ve epigenetik mekanizmalardaki fonksiyonu anlatılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Mann MRW, Bartolomei MS. Epigenetic reprogramming by maternal behaviour and pharmalogical intervention nature versus nurture; let’s the whole thing off. Epigenetics 2007; 2:22-8.
  • Grewal SI, Rice JC. Regulation of heterochromatin by histone methylation and small RNAs. Curr Ooin Cell Biol. 2004; 16:230-238.
  • Nakayama J, Rice JC, Strahl BD, Allis CD, Grewal SI. Role of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in epigenetic control of heterochromatin assembly. Science. 2001; 292(5514):110-113.
  • Bird A. Il2 transcription unleashed by active DNA demethylation. Nat Immunol. 2003; 4:208-9.
  • Baylin SB, Herman JG, Graff JR, Vertino PM, Issa JP. Alterations in DNA methylation: a fundamental aspect of neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res. 1998; 72:141-96.
  • Costello JF, Plass C. Methylation matters. Med Genet. 2001; 38;285-303.
  • Izmirli M, Alptekin D, Topcuoğlu MS, Güzel AI. Investigation of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in coronary by-passed patients due to coronary atherosclerosis etiology. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci.2009; 21:303-8.
  • Kazazian HH, Moran JV. The impact of L1 retrotransposons on the human genome. Nat Genet. 1998;19:19-24.
  • Ballestar E. An introduction to epigenetic. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011; 711:1-11.
  • Van Den Veyver IB, Zoghbi HY. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mutations in Rett syndrome. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2000; 10;275-9.
  • Maher ER, Reik W. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: imprinting in clusters revisited. J Clin Invest. 2000; 105:247-52.
  • Nicholls RD, Saitoh S, Horsthemke B. Imprinting in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Trends Genet. 1998; 14:194-200.
  • Tycko B. Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer. J Clin Invest. 2000; 105:401-7.
  • Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinsen K. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27:517-27.
  • Stern LL, Mason JB, Selhub J, Choi SW. Genomic DNA hypomethylation, a characteristic of most cancers, is present in peripheral leukocytes of individuals who are homozygous for the C677T polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomakers Prev. 2000; 9:849-53.
  • Green J, Goldwyn R. Annotation: Attachment disorganisation and psychopathology: New findings in attachment research and their potential implications for developmental psychopathology in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002; 43:835-46.
  • Seki Y, Williams L, Vuguin PM, Charron MJ. Minireview: Epigenetic programming of diabetes and obesity: animal models. Endocrinology. 2012; 153:1031-8.
  • Sapienza C, Lee J, Powell J, Erinle O, Yafai F, Reichert J, Siraj ES, Madaio M. DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic differences between diabetes patients with ESRD and diabetes patients without nephropathy. Epigenetics. 2011; 6:20-8.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Müzeyyen İzmirli Bu kişi benim

Turan Tufan Bu kişi benim

Davut Alptekin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA İzmirli M, Tufan T, Alptekin D. DNA Metilasyonu. aktd. Aralık 2012;21(4):274-282.