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Evaluation of Blood Pressure among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients and Current Approaches in Its Treatment

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 83 - 99, 01.06.2007

Öz

No abstract available

Kaynakça

  • Imai Y, Sekino H, Fujikura Y, et al Pressor effect of recombinant human erythropoietin: results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure measurements. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1995; 17: 485–506.
  • Agarwal R. Assessment of Blood Pressure İn Hemodialysis Patients. Seminars in Dialysis. 2002; 15: 299–304
  • Townsend RR, Ford V. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: coming of age in nephrology. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996; 7: 2279–2287.
  • Peixoto AJ, Sica DA. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in end-stage renal disease. Blood Press Monit. 1997; 2: 275–282.
  • Mansoor GA, White WB. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a useful clinical tool in nephrology. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30: 591–605.
  • Erturk S, Ertug AE, Ates K et al Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data to echocardiographic findings in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11: 2050–2054.
  • Lingens N, Soergel M, Loirat C, et al Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in paediatric patients treated by regular haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol. 1995; 9: 167–172.
  • Mancia G, Frattola A, Groppelli A, et al Blood pressure reduction and end organ damage in hypertension. J Hypertens. 1994; Suppl 12:S35-S42.
  • Siche JP, Schwebel C, Longere P, et al Left ventricular hypertrophy and blood pressure variability during rest and ambulatory monitoring in the hypertensive patient . Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1994; 87: 1005–1009.
  • Pai PY, Chou HT, Tsou SS, et al The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in untreated mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients: Correlation with echocardiography. Zhonghua Yi Xue Zhi (Taipei). 1994; 54: 93–99.
  • Martin LC, Franco RJ, Gavras I, et al. Is 44-hour better than 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hemodialysis Kidney Blood Press Res. 2006; 29: 273– 279.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E, et al Nocturnal blood pressure and 24-hour pulse pressure are potent indicators of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 2485–2491.
  • Covic A, Goldsmith DJ, Covic M. Reduced blood pressure diurnal variability as a risk factor for progressive left ventricular dilatation in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 35: 617–623.
  • Pejcic I, Peco-Antic A, Parezanovic V, et al Continuous blood pressure monitoring over a 24- hour period in children with terminal renal failure treated with hemodialysis. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1996; (suppl 1) 124: 94–96.
  • Huisman RM, de Bruin C, Klont D, et al Relationship between blood pressure during haemodialysis and ambulatory blood pressure in between dialyses. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995; 10: 1890–1894.
  • O’Brien E, Sheridan J, O’Malley K: Dippers and nondippers. Lancet. 1988; 2: 397.
  • Campbell NR, McKay DW, Chockalingam et al Errors in assessment of blood pressure: Blood pressure measuring technique. Can J Public Health. 1994; (suppl 2) 85:S18-S21.
  • Kooman JP, Gladziwa U, Bocker G, et al Blood pressure during the interdialytic period in haemodialysis patients: estimation of representative blood pressure values. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1992; 7: 917–923.
  • Franklin SS, Larson MG, Khan SA et al Does the relation of blood pressure to coronary heart disease risk change with aging? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2001; 103:1245– 1249.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E et al Influence of nycthemeral blood pressure pattern in treated hypertensive patients on hemodialysis.Kidney Int. 1997; 5: 1863–1866.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E, et al Nocturnal blood pressure and 24-hour pulse pressure are potent indicators of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 2485–2491.
  • Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K et al: Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 875–
  • Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Boldrini F et al Sex, cardiac hypertrophy and diurnal blood pressure variation in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 683–692.
  • Prakash S, Chibber SK, Prakash S, et al. Assessment of hypertension control in chronic kidney disease patients by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005 ; 53: 769–774.
  • Ozcakar ZB, Yalcinkaya F, Tutar E, et al. Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiographic evaluation. Nephron Clin Pract. 2006;104:101–106.
  • Hoshide S, Korio K, Hoshide Y, et al Associations Betwwen Nondipping of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Decrease and Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage in Strictly Selected Community- Dwelling Normotensives. Am J Hypertens. 2003; 16: 434–438
  • Mac Gregor GA: Sodium is more important than calcium in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1985; 7: 628–640.
  • Hofman A, Hazebroek A, Valkenburg HA: A randomized trial of sodium intake and BP in newborn infants. JAMA. 1983; 250: 370– 73.
  • Ball CO, Meneely GR: Observations on dietary, sodium chloride. J Am Diet Assoc 1957; 33: 366–370
  • National Survey on Circulatory Disorders. Kosheisho, Japan: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1980 .
  • Joossens JV, Geboers J: Salt and hypertension. Prev Med 1983;12: 53– 59.
  • Beretta-Picolli C, Weidman P, de Chatel P: Hypertension associated with early end-stage kidney disease. Am J Med 1976;61: 739–747.
  • Charra B, Chazot C: Volume control, blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Nephron Physiol 2003; 93: 94–101.
  • Mitch W, Wilcox CS: Disorders of bodily fluids, sodium and potassium in chronic renal failure. Am J Med. 1982; 72: 536–550.
  • Weidmann P, Reubi F. Renal hypertension. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976; 06: 1778– 1790.
  • Koomans HA, Geers AB, Boer P: A study on the distribution of body fluid after rapid saline expansion in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency: preferential intravascular deposition in renal failure. Clin Sci. 1983; 64: 153–160.
  • Powis DA, Donald DE: Involvement of renal alpha and beta adrenoceptors in release of renin by carotid baroreflex. Am J Physiol. 1979; 236: 580–585.
  • Koomans HA, Roos JC, Boer P et al Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in chronic renal failure: evidence for renal control of body fluid distribution in man. Hypertension. 1982; 4: 190–197.
  • Vertes V, Cangiano JL, Berman LB: Hypertension in end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1969; 280: 978 – 981.
  • Ozkahya M, Toz H, Unsal A et al Treatment of hypertension in dialysis patients by ultrafiltration: role of cardiac dilatation and time factor. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 34: 218–221.
  • Gunal AI, Duman S, Ozkahya et al Strict volume control normalizes hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37: 588–593.
  • Charra B: “Dry weight” in dialysis: the history of a concept. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1882 –1885.
  • Chazot C, Charra B, Vo VC: The Janus-faced aspect of dry weight. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 121–124.
  • Katzarski KS, Charra B, Luik AJ: Fluid state and blood pressure control in patients treated with long and short hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 369–375.
  • Rigby-Mathews A, Scribner BH, Ahmad S: Control of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) without water restriction in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10: A1348.
  • Ozkhaya M, Toz H, Ozerkan F et al Impact of volume control on left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2002; 15: 655–660.
  • Ates K, Nerzgizoglu G, Keven K et al Effect of fluid and sodium removal on mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2001; 60: 767–776.
  • Scribner BH: Adequate control of blood pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis [editorial]. Kidney Int. 1992; 41: 1286.
  • Blumberg A, Nelp WB, Hegstrom RM et al. Extacellular volume in patients with chronic renal disease treated for hypertension by sodium restriction. The Lancet. 1967; 2: 69–73
  • Wu CC, Lin YP, Yu WC et al The assessment of fluid status in haemodialysis patients: usefulness of the Doppler echocardiographic parameters. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19: 644–651
  • Zucchelli P, Santoro A. Dry weight in hemodialysis: volemic control. Semin Nephrol. 2001; 21: 286–290
  • Jaeger JQ, Mehta RL. Assessment of dry weight in hemodialysis: an overview. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 392–403
  • Charra B, Bergstrom J, Scribner BH. Blood pressure control in dialysis patients: importance of the lag phenomenon. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 32: 720–724.
  • Feehally J, Johnson R. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Mosby. 2002; 14: 887–904
  • Spiegel DM, Bashir K, Fisch B. Bioimpedance resistance ratios for the evaluation of dry weight in hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol. 2000; 53: 108–114
  • Ronco C, Brendolan A, Milan M. Impact of biofeedback-induced cardiovascular stability on hemodialysis tolerance and efficiency. Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 800–808.
  • Charra B, Chazot C: Volume control, blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Nephron Physiol. 2003; 93: 94–101.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE, Coleman G et al The dominant role of the kidneys in the long-term regulation of arterial pressure in normal hypertensive states. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Raven Press, New York, NY: 1990: 1029–1052.
  • Blumberg A, Hegstrom RM, Nelp WB: Extracellular volume and exchangeable sodium in chronic hypertensive renal disease. In: Kerr DNS. Pro-ceedings of the European Dialysis Transplant Association. Newcastle Upon-Tyne, UK: Scheltema and Holima, 1964: 192 – 203.
  • Wizemann V, Kramer W: Short-term dialysis long-term complications: Ten years experience with short-duration renal replacement therapy. Blood Purif. 1987; 5: 193–201.
  • Scribner BH: A personalized history of chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990; 6: 511– 519.
  • Charra B, Calemard E, Cuche M: Control of hypertension and prolonged survival on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron.1983; 33: 96–99.
  • Charra B, Laurent G, Chazot C: Clinical assessment of dry weight. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11: 16–19.
  • Fishbane SA, Scribner BH: Blood pressure control in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2002; 15: 144–145.
  • Krautzig S, Janssen U, Koch KM, Granolleras C: Dietary salt restriction and reduction of dialysate sodium to control hypertension in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998; 13: 552–553.
  • Converse RL Jr, Jacobsen TN, Jost CM, et al: Paradoxical with drawal of reflex vasoconstriction as a cause of hemodialysis-induced hypotension. J Clin Invest. 1992; 90: 1657–1665.
  • Cannella G, Paoletti E, Delfino R et al Prolonged therapy with ACE inhibitors induces a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of dialyzed uremic patients independently from hypotensive effects Am J Kidney Dis. 1997; 30: 659–664.
  • Efrati S, Zaidenstein R, Dishy V, et al. ACE inhibitors and survival of hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 40: 1023–1029.

Kronik Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Kan Basıncının Değerlendirilmesi ve Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 83 - 99, 01.06.2007

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Imai Y, Sekino H, Fujikura Y, et al Pressor effect of recombinant human erythropoietin: results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure measurements. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1995; 17: 485–506.
  • Agarwal R. Assessment of Blood Pressure İn Hemodialysis Patients. Seminars in Dialysis. 2002; 15: 299–304
  • Townsend RR, Ford V. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: coming of age in nephrology. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996; 7: 2279–2287.
  • Peixoto AJ, Sica DA. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in end-stage renal disease. Blood Press Monit. 1997; 2: 275–282.
  • Mansoor GA, White WB. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a useful clinical tool in nephrology. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30: 591–605.
  • Erturk S, Ertug AE, Ates K et al Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data to echocardiographic findings in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11: 2050–2054.
  • Lingens N, Soergel M, Loirat C, et al Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in paediatric patients treated by regular haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol. 1995; 9: 167–172.
  • Mancia G, Frattola A, Groppelli A, et al Blood pressure reduction and end organ damage in hypertension. J Hypertens. 1994; Suppl 12:S35-S42.
  • Siche JP, Schwebel C, Longere P, et al Left ventricular hypertrophy and blood pressure variability during rest and ambulatory monitoring in the hypertensive patient . Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1994; 87: 1005–1009.
  • Pai PY, Chou HT, Tsou SS, et al The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in untreated mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients: Correlation with echocardiography. Zhonghua Yi Xue Zhi (Taipei). 1994; 54: 93–99.
  • Martin LC, Franco RJ, Gavras I, et al. Is 44-hour better than 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hemodialysis Kidney Blood Press Res. 2006; 29: 273– 279.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E, et al Nocturnal blood pressure and 24-hour pulse pressure are potent indicators of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 2485–2491.
  • Covic A, Goldsmith DJ, Covic M. Reduced blood pressure diurnal variability as a risk factor for progressive left ventricular dilatation in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 35: 617–623.
  • Pejcic I, Peco-Antic A, Parezanovic V, et al Continuous blood pressure monitoring over a 24- hour period in children with terminal renal failure treated with hemodialysis. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1996; (suppl 1) 124: 94–96.
  • Huisman RM, de Bruin C, Klont D, et al Relationship between blood pressure during haemodialysis and ambulatory blood pressure in between dialyses. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995; 10: 1890–1894.
  • O’Brien E, Sheridan J, O’Malley K: Dippers and nondippers. Lancet. 1988; 2: 397.
  • Campbell NR, McKay DW, Chockalingam et al Errors in assessment of blood pressure: Blood pressure measuring technique. Can J Public Health. 1994; (suppl 2) 85:S18-S21.
  • Kooman JP, Gladziwa U, Bocker G, et al Blood pressure during the interdialytic period in haemodialysis patients: estimation of representative blood pressure values. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1992; 7: 917–923.
  • Franklin SS, Larson MG, Khan SA et al Does the relation of blood pressure to coronary heart disease risk change with aging? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2001; 103:1245– 1249.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E et al Influence of nycthemeral blood pressure pattern in treated hypertensive patients on hemodialysis.Kidney Int. 1997; 5: 1863–1866.
  • Amar J, Vernier I, Rossignol E, et al Nocturnal blood pressure and 24-hour pulse pressure are potent indicators of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 2485–2491.
  • Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K et al: Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 875–
  • Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Boldrini F et al Sex, cardiac hypertrophy and diurnal blood pressure variation in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 683–692.
  • Prakash S, Chibber SK, Prakash S, et al. Assessment of hypertension control in chronic kidney disease patients by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005 ; 53: 769–774.
  • Ozcakar ZB, Yalcinkaya F, Tutar E, et al. Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiographic evaluation. Nephron Clin Pract. 2006;104:101–106.
  • Hoshide S, Korio K, Hoshide Y, et al Associations Betwwen Nondipping of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Decrease and Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage in Strictly Selected Community- Dwelling Normotensives. Am J Hypertens. 2003; 16: 434–438
  • Mac Gregor GA: Sodium is more important than calcium in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1985; 7: 628–640.
  • Hofman A, Hazebroek A, Valkenburg HA: A randomized trial of sodium intake and BP in newborn infants. JAMA. 1983; 250: 370– 73.
  • Ball CO, Meneely GR: Observations on dietary, sodium chloride. J Am Diet Assoc 1957; 33: 366–370
  • National Survey on Circulatory Disorders. Kosheisho, Japan: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1980 .
  • Joossens JV, Geboers J: Salt and hypertension. Prev Med 1983;12: 53– 59.
  • Beretta-Picolli C, Weidman P, de Chatel P: Hypertension associated with early end-stage kidney disease. Am J Med 1976;61: 739–747.
  • Charra B, Chazot C: Volume control, blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Nephron Physiol 2003; 93: 94–101.
  • Mitch W, Wilcox CS: Disorders of bodily fluids, sodium and potassium in chronic renal failure. Am J Med. 1982; 72: 536–550.
  • Weidmann P, Reubi F. Renal hypertension. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976; 06: 1778– 1790.
  • Koomans HA, Geers AB, Boer P: A study on the distribution of body fluid after rapid saline expansion in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency: preferential intravascular deposition in renal failure. Clin Sci. 1983; 64: 153–160.
  • Powis DA, Donald DE: Involvement of renal alpha and beta adrenoceptors in release of renin by carotid baroreflex. Am J Physiol. 1979; 236: 580–585.
  • Koomans HA, Roos JC, Boer P et al Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in chronic renal failure: evidence for renal control of body fluid distribution in man. Hypertension. 1982; 4: 190–197.
  • Vertes V, Cangiano JL, Berman LB: Hypertension in end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1969; 280: 978 – 981.
  • Ozkahya M, Toz H, Unsal A et al Treatment of hypertension in dialysis patients by ultrafiltration: role of cardiac dilatation and time factor. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 34: 218–221.
  • Gunal AI, Duman S, Ozkahya et al Strict volume control normalizes hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37: 588–593.
  • Charra B: “Dry weight” in dialysis: the history of a concept. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1882 –1885.
  • Chazot C, Charra B, Vo VC: The Janus-faced aspect of dry weight. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 121–124.
  • Katzarski KS, Charra B, Luik AJ: Fluid state and blood pressure control in patients treated with long and short hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 369–375.
  • Rigby-Mathews A, Scribner BH, Ahmad S: Control of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) without water restriction in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10: A1348.
  • Ozkhaya M, Toz H, Ozerkan F et al Impact of volume control on left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2002; 15: 655–660.
  • Ates K, Nerzgizoglu G, Keven K et al Effect of fluid and sodium removal on mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2001; 60: 767–776.
  • Scribner BH: Adequate control of blood pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis [editorial]. Kidney Int. 1992; 41: 1286.
  • Blumberg A, Nelp WB, Hegstrom RM et al. Extacellular volume in patients with chronic renal disease treated for hypertension by sodium restriction. The Lancet. 1967; 2: 69–73
  • Wu CC, Lin YP, Yu WC et al The assessment of fluid status in haemodialysis patients: usefulness of the Doppler echocardiographic parameters. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19: 644–651
  • Zucchelli P, Santoro A. Dry weight in hemodialysis: volemic control. Semin Nephrol. 2001; 21: 286–290
  • Jaeger JQ, Mehta RL. Assessment of dry weight in hemodialysis: an overview. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 392–403
  • Charra B, Bergstrom J, Scribner BH. Blood pressure control in dialysis patients: importance of the lag phenomenon. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 32: 720–724.
  • Feehally J, Johnson R. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Mosby. 2002; 14: 887–904
  • Spiegel DM, Bashir K, Fisch B. Bioimpedance resistance ratios for the evaluation of dry weight in hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol. 2000; 53: 108–114
  • Ronco C, Brendolan A, Milan M. Impact of biofeedback-induced cardiovascular stability on hemodialysis tolerance and efficiency. Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 800–808.
  • Charra B, Chazot C: Volume control, blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Nephron Physiol. 2003; 93: 94–101.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE, Coleman G et al The dominant role of the kidneys in the long-term regulation of arterial pressure in normal hypertensive states. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Raven Press, New York, NY: 1990: 1029–1052.
  • Blumberg A, Hegstrom RM, Nelp WB: Extracellular volume and exchangeable sodium in chronic hypertensive renal disease. In: Kerr DNS. Pro-ceedings of the European Dialysis Transplant Association. Newcastle Upon-Tyne, UK: Scheltema and Holima, 1964: 192 – 203.
  • Wizemann V, Kramer W: Short-term dialysis long-term complications: Ten years experience with short-duration renal replacement therapy. Blood Purif. 1987; 5: 193–201.
  • Scribner BH: A personalized history of chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990; 6: 511– 519.
  • Charra B, Calemard E, Cuche M: Control of hypertension and prolonged survival on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron.1983; 33: 96–99.
  • Charra B, Laurent G, Chazot C: Clinical assessment of dry weight. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11: 16–19.
  • Fishbane SA, Scribner BH: Blood pressure control in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2002; 15: 144–145.
  • Krautzig S, Janssen U, Koch KM, Granolleras C: Dietary salt restriction and reduction of dialysate sodium to control hypertension in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998; 13: 552–553.
  • Converse RL Jr, Jacobsen TN, Jost CM, et al: Paradoxical with drawal of reflex vasoconstriction as a cause of hemodialysis-induced hypotension. J Clin Invest. 1992; 90: 1657–1665.
  • Cannella G, Paoletti E, Delfino R et al Prolonged therapy with ACE inhibitors induces a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of dialyzed uremic patients independently from hypotensive effects Am J Kidney Dis. 1997; 30: 659–664.
  • Efrati S, Zaidenstein R, Dishy V, et al. ACE inhibitors and survival of hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 40: 1023–1029.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Fadime Ersoy Dursun Bu kişi benim

Ali İhsan Günal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Dursun FE, Günal Aİ. Kronik Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Kan Basıncının Değerlendirilmesi ve Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. aktd. Haziran 2007;16(2):83-99.