Psikiyatrik İyileşmede Yeni Bir Yönelim: İyileşme Odaklı Yaklaşım

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 83 - 97, 30.06.2019

Süleyman Ümit Şenocak Hülya Arslantaş Rüveyda Yüksel

Öz

İyileşme; bireylerin sağlık ve iyilik hallerini
geliştirmek, kendi kendilerini idare edebilecekleri bir hayat yaşamak ve tam
potansiyellerine ulaşmak için çabaladıkları bir değişim sürecidir. İyileşme kavramı
için yapılan tanımlar; klinik iyileşme
ve kişisel iyileşme üzerine bir
ayırım yapılmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Klinik
iyileşme; ruh sağlığı çalışanları tarafından tanımı yapılan tıbbi modelin
bir terimidir. Semptomların azalması ya da durması ve sosyal işlevselliğin
düzeltilmesi, hastanın önceki sağlık durumuna geri dönmesi anlamına gelir ve
biyomedikal görüşün bir yansımasıdır. Kişisel
iyileşme ise bireyin gelişim ve değişim sürecini ifade eden bir kavramdır.

"İyileşme" kavramına duyulan ilgi giderek artmaktadır ve gelişmiş ülkeler kendi ruh sağlığı sistemlerini, iyileşme yönelimli uygulamaları ve hizmet yapılarını kapsayacak şekilde yeniden şekillendirmeye başlamışlardır. Bu makalede, biyomedikal görüşün benimsemiş olduğu klinik iyileşme yerine bir gelişim ve değişim sürecini ifade eden kişisel iyileşme kavramı üzerinde durulacaktır. Dünya alan yazın çalışmalarında iyileşme yönelimli yaklaşıma ilişkin sayısız yayın bulunmakla birlikte ülkemizde konu ile ilgili olarak gittikçe artmakta olan az sayıda yayına rastlanılmıştır. Bu makalede iyileşme odaklı yaklaşımın tarihsel sürecinden, iyileşme kavramının tanımından ve iyileşmeye rehberlik eden ilkelerden, iyileşme modellerinden, iyileşme yönelimli yaklaşımı temel alan bazı kılavuz ilkelerden,  iyileşme odaklı yaklaşım ile ilgili dünyadan araştırma örneklerinden ve ülkemizdeki durumdan söz edilecektir. Derlemenin ülkemizde de bu hizmetlerin planlanması ve yürütülmesi açısından yol gösterici olmasına katkı sağlaması umulmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikiyatrik iyileşme, iyileşme odaklı yaklaşım

A New Direction to Psychiatric Wellness: Recovery Oriented Approach

Öz

Recovery is a process of change in which individuals struggle to improve their health and wellness, to maintain a life which they lead on their own and to reach their full potential. Definitions on recovery necessitated to make a distinction between the terms clinical recovery and personal recovery. Clinical recovery is a term of medical model which is defined by mental health professionals. It has meanings like symptom reduction or healing, restoring social functionality, turning back to previous health status of the patient and it is a reflection of the biomedical model. However, personal recovery is a concept which points out improvement and change process of individuals. Interest on the "recovery" concept increase gradually and developed countries have started to restructure their mental health systems by including recovery-oriented applications and service structures. In this article more attention will be paid to concept of personal recovery which means a change and improvement process, instead of discussing clinical recovery adopted by biomedical model. Although there are numerous publications related to recovery-oriented approach in the worldwide literature, a limited but increasing number of studies are encountered in our country. Historical process of recovery-oriented approach, definitions of recovery concept, recovery models, some of the guiding principles based on recovery-oriented approach, worldwide researches related to recovery-oriented approach and current situation in our country will be discussed in this article. With this review, it is expected to contribute guiding in terms of planning and performing these services in our country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychiatric wellness, recovery oriented approach

Kaynakça

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