Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna Moleküler Bakış: Genetik ve İmmünolojik Etmenler ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası üzerine Bulgular

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 8 - 23, 31.03.2020

Rafig Gurbanov

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.487677

Öz

Çağımızın giderek artan sorunlarından biri olan otizm
spektrum bozukluğu sosyal gelişimde yetersizlik, tekrarlayıcı motor hareketler
ve dil gelişiminde gerilik gibi heterojen nörogelişimsel rahatsızlıklar için
kullanılan şemsiye bir terimdir. Hastalığın etiyolojisini etkileyen en önemli
nedenlerin başında genetik etmenler gelmektedir. Otizmin, çoğu kromozom
üzerinde birçok lokus da meydana gelmiş mutasyonlardan etkilendiği
kanıtlanmıştır. Hastalığın etiyolojisine katkıda bulunan bir başka etmen ise
immün sistemdir. Yapılan çalışmalar immün sistemi oluşturan elemanlardaki
değişkenliklerin otizmi yakından etkilediğini göstermiştir. Otizmin kalıtımsal
rolü ne kadar güçlü olsa da çevresel etmenlerin sebep olduğu disfonksiyonlar da
göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu bağlamda, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının, otizm ile
ilişkili olduğu güncel çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bozulmuş bağırsak mikrobiyotanın
immün sistemi ve merkezi sinir sistemini etkileyerek otizm benzeri davranışlara
sebep olduğu da
bilinmektedir.  Bu derlemede, bahsedilen
etmenler moleküler düzeyde incelenmiş ve probiyotiklerle tedavi seçeneklerinin
potansiyelinden bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu, Mikrobiyota, Genetik Etmenler, İmmün Sistem, Probiyotikler

Kaynakça

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