Evidence-Based Practices in Dysphagia Rehabilitation

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 86 - 93, 30.06.2021

Gizem Özbudak , Serap Özer

Öz

Dysphagia defined as swallowing disorder or loss of swallowing ability, is caused by lesions in areas of the cerebral cortex associated with swallowing function or problems in neuromuscular transmission. In time, it can lead to complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, prolonged hospital stay, and death. Early diagnosis, treatment and effective dysphagia management are required to prevent these negative health consequences. Rehabilitation practices are needed for effective dysphagia management. Various methods and exercises are used in practice for dysphagia rehabilitation, which plays an important role in the recovery of swallowing function. Although the management of dysphagia is multidisciplinary, the team members who have frequent and close contact with the patient and can best observe and define swallowing difficulties are nurses. Nurses contribute to achieving positive health outcomes when they guide the care management process in line with evidence-based practices.
The purpose of this review article; to create awareness by defining the concept and management of dysphagia in nurses, to talk about the benefits of dysphagia rehabilitation with current research findings, to enable nurses to implement evidence-based rehabilitation interventions with multidisciplinary teamwork.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dysphagia, Rehabilitation, Evidence-based practices

Disfaji Rehabilitasyonunda Hemşirenin Rolü

Öz

Yutma bozukluğu ya da yutma yeteneğinin kaybolması olarak tanımlanan disfaji, serebral korteksin yutma fonksiyonu ile ilişkili alanlarındaki lezyonlar veya nöromüsküler iletimdeki sorunlar nedeniyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Zamanla malnütrisyon, dehidratasyon, aspirasyon pnömonisi, hastanede yatış süresinin uzaması gibi komplikasyonlara ve ölüme yol açabilmektedir. Bu olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarının önlenmesi için erken tanı, tedavi ve etkin disfaji yönetimi gerekmektedir. Etkin disfaji yönetimi için de rehabilitasyon uygulamalarına gereksinim bulunmaktadır. Yutma fonksiyonunun iyileşmesinde önemli bir rol oynayan disfaji rehabilitasyonu için uygulamada çeşitli yöntemler ve egzersizler kullanılmaktadır. Disfajinin yönetimi multidisipliner olmakla birlikte, hastayla sık ve yakın temasta bulunan ve yutma güçlüklerini en iyi şekilde gözlemleyebilen ve tanımlayabilen ekip üyeleri hemşirelerdir. Hemşireler kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda bakım yönetimi sürecini yönlendirdiklerinde olumlu sağlık sonuçlarının elde edilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.
Bu derleme makalenin amacı; hemşirelerde disfaji kavramını ve yönetimini tanımlayarak bir farkındalık oluşturmak, güncel araştırma bulguları ile disfaji rehabilitasyonunun yararlarından bahsetmek, hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı rehabilitasyon girişimlerini multidisipliner ekip çalışması ile birlikte uygulamasını sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disfaji, Rehabilitasyon, Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar

Kaynakça

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