Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Tissue

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 4, 215 - 226, 31.12.2023

Yasin Karamazı , Mustafa Emre

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1343480

Öz

One of the most important and indispensable factors in our daily lives is undoubtedly the widespread use of technological devices. Especially in recent years, these devices (cell phones, base stations, local area networks etc.), which have entered our lives in parallel with the incredibly rapid development of the communication age, have brought some negativities while providing easier to our life. The fact that Elektromagnetic Fields (EMFs) take a long time to have an effect and that their potential adverse effects are not well known to the public has gradually caused growing concern. The discovery of bioelectric potentials such as piezoelectric, pyroelectric, biofluorescense and ferroelectric in bone raised the possibility that applied EMFs could modify the behavior of bone cells. In this direction, extremely low frequency EMF’s could stimulate osteoblastic activity by inhibition of osteoclasts or by some hormonal changes on bone. Almost, nowadays we are floating in artificial electromagnetic fields, researchers has reported that exposure to uncontrolled EMFs cause adverse effects in cells and tissues such as signal transduction, cell membrane structure, ion channels, molecular interactions and DNA damage. On the other hand, exposure to controlled electromagnetic fields has been reported to speed up the repair of fractures/damages in bone and cartilage. In this review, EMFs on bone tissue of humans and experimental animals are compiled and presented; bone mineral density, bone endurance, bone marrow, bone cells, bone volume, bone formation and on bone fractures information about the effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radiofrequency, electromagnetic fields, bone tissue.

Elektromanyetik Alanların Kemik Dokusu Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Günlük yaşantımızda en önemli ve vazgeçilmez unsurların başında hiç şüphesiz teknolojik cihazların yaygın kullanımı gelmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda iletişim çağının inanılmaz bir hızla gelişimine paralel olarak yaşamımıza giren bu cihazlar (cep telefonları, baz istasyonları, yerel alan ağları vs.) bir taraftan yaşantımıza kolaylıklar sağlarken diğer taraftan birtakım olumsuzlukları beraberinde getirmişlerdir. Elektromanyetik alan’ların (EMA) etkisini uzun süre sonra göstermesi ve muhtemel olumsuz etkilerinin kamuoyu tarafından yeteri kadar bilinmemesi giderek artan bir endişeye neden olmuştur. Kemikte piezoelektrik, pyroelektrik, biyofloresans ve ferroelektrik gibi biyoelektrik potansiyellerin keşfi ile birlikte, EMA’ların kemik hücrelerinin davranışlarını etkileyebileceği iddia edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, oldukça düşük frekanslı EMA’ların osteoklastik aktiviteyi baskılayarak veya bazı hormonal değişiklikler gerçekleştirerek, osteoblastik aktiviteyi arttırdığına dair çalışmalar mevcuttur. Adeta yapay elektromanyetik alanlar içinde yüzer halde bulunduğumuz günümüzde, çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından hemen tüm ortamlarda bulunan ve kontrolsüz EMA kaynaklarına maruz kalma sonucu hücre ve dokularda sinyal iletimi, hücre zar yapısı, iyon kanalları, moleküler etkileşimler ve DNA hasarı gibi olumsuz etkilere neden olabileceği rapor edilmiştir. Diğer yandan, kontrollü elektromanyetik alanlara maruz kalmanın ise kemik ve kıkırdaktaki kırık/hasarların onarımını hızlandırdığı bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, insan ve deney hayvanlarının kemik dokularında EMA’ların; kemik mineral yoğunluğu, kemik dayanıklılığı, kemik hücreleri, kemik hacmi, kemik formasyonu ve kemik kırıkları üzerine ne tür etkileri olduğuna dair bilgiler derlenip sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radyofrekans, Elektromanyetik alanlar, Kemik dokusu

Kaynakça

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