Enerji İçeceklerinin Adolesanlar Arasındaki Tüketimi ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri

Berra Turan; Mine Esin Ocaktan

doi:10.17827/aktd.1527067

Derleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 238 - 248, 31.12.2024

Berra Turan , Mine Esin Ocaktan

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1527067

Öz

In today's conditions, adolescents spending most of their day outside their homes leads to skipping meals and not consuming nutrients suitable for their age adequately. Adolescents, often looking for quick and practical solutions, tend towards ultra-processed, packaged, and bottled ready-to-eat products. In this review, it is aimed to discuss the contents and effects of energy drinks, which are increasing in the market day by day, in terms of adolescents. The increasing consumption of energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine, sugar, and taurine, among adolescents is causing alarming results. The colorful, flashy packaging and attention-grabbing names of energy drinks also contribute to this increase in consumption. Acute cardiovascular side effects that may occur with high doses of caffeine, one of the components of energy drinks, and long-term effects such as depression, behavioral change, violence and tendency to risky behaviors are the subjects of research. The marketing of energy drinks alongside sports activities by manufacturing companies also contributes to adolescents' consumption of these drinks. For young individuals to develop and be healthy both physically and mentally, they need to consume the necessary nutrients adequately. It is important for them to stay away from and be informed about ready-to-eat and processed products that have the potential to harm their health and development.

Kaynakça

1. Adolescent health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1.
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7. Schneider, M. B. et al. Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: Are they appropriate? Pediatrics vol. 127 1182–1189 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0965 (2011).
8. Garipağaoğlu, M. & Kuyrukçu, N. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Kafein. J Child vol. 9 (2009).
9. Sipahi, H., Sönmez, İ. & Aydin, A. Enerji İçecekleri ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci vol. 3 (2014).
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11. Galimov, A. et al. Energy drink consumption among German adolescents: Prevalence, correlates, and predictors of initiation. Appetite 139, 172–179 (2019).
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13. Kabaran, S. & Mercanligil, S. M. Adolesan dönem besin seçimlerini hangi faktörler etkiliyor? Guncel Pediatri vol. 11 121–127 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.4274/Jcp.11.10820 (2014).
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Enerji İçeceklerinin Adolesanlar Arasındaki Tüketimi ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 238 - 248, 31.12.2024

Berra Turan , Mine Esin Ocaktan

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1527067

Öz

Günümüz koşullarında adolesanların günlerinin çoğunu evlerinin dışında geçirmeleri öğün atlamalarına ve yaşlarına uygun besin ögelerini yeterince tüketmemelerine yol açmaktadır. Sıklıkla hızlı ve pratik çözümler arayan adolesanlar ultra işlenmiş, paketlenmiş ve şişelenmiş hazır ürünlere yönelmektedirler. Bu derlemede piyasada günden güne artan enerji içeceklerinin içeriklerini ve etkilerini adolesanlar açısından ele almak amaçlanmıştır. İçerisinde yüksek miktarlarda kafein, şeker, taurin gibi bileşenler içeren enerji içeceklerinin adolesanlar arasında artan tüketimi endişe verici sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Enerji içeceklerinin renkli, gösterişli ambalajları ve dikkat çekici isimleri de bu tüketim artışına katkı sağlamaktadır. Enerji içeceği bileşenlerinden kafeinin yüksek dozları ile ortaya çıkabilen akut kardiyovasküler yan etkileri ve depresyon, davranış değişikliği, şiddet, riskli davranışlara eğilim gibi uzun vadeli etkileri araştırılan konulardır. Üretici firmaların spor faaliyetleri ile enerji içeceklerini beraber pazarlaması da adolesanların bu içecekleri tüketmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Ancak genç bireylerin bedensel ve zihinsel olarak sağlıklı gelişebilmesi için ihtiyaçları olan besin ögelerini yeterince tüketmeleri gerekmektedir. Sağlık durumuna ve gelişimlerine zarar verebilme potansiyeli olan hazır ve işlenmiş ürünlerden ise uzak durmaları ve bilinçlendirilmeleri önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji içeceği, adolesan, kafein, çocuk sağlığı

Kaynakça

1. Adolescent health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1.
2. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İstatistiklerle Gençlik, 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-2023-53677 (2024).
3. Resmi Gazete. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Enerji İçecekleri Tebliği (2017/4). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170930-23.htm https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170930-23.htm (2017).
4. Anlı, R. E. & Müniroğlu, R. S. Sporcu İçecekleri Faydalı Mı ? Journal of Global Sport and Education Research 5, 10–26 (2022).
5. Özer, M. Ö. 2-18 Yaş Arası Çocuklarda İçecek Tüketim Profilinin Belirlenmesi. (2018).
6. Al-Shaar, L. et al. Health effects and public health concerns of energy drink consumption in the United States: A mini-review. Frontiers in Public Health vol. 5 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00225 (2017).
7. Schneider, M. B. et al. Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: Are they appropriate? Pediatrics vol. 127 1182–1189 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0965 (2011).
8. Garipağaoğlu, M. & Kuyrukçu, N. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Kafein. J Child vol. 9 (2009).
9. Sipahi, H., Sönmez, İ. & Aydin, A. Enerji İçecekleri ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci vol. 3 (2014).
10. Harris, J. L. & Munsell, C. R. Energy drinks and adolescents: What’s the harm? Nutr Rev 73, 247–257 (2015).
11. Galimov, A. et al. Energy drink consumption among German adolescents: Prevalence, correlates, and predictors of initiation. Appetite 139, 172–179 (2019).
12. Ajibo, C., Van Griethuysen, A., Visram, S. & Lake, A. A. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a systematic review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. Public Health vol. 227 274–281 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.024 (2024).
13. Kabaran, S. & Mercanligil, S. M. Adolesan dönem besin seçimlerini hangi faktörler etkiliyor? Guncel Pediatri vol. 11 121–127 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.4274/Jcp.11.10820 (2014).
14. Yildiz, G. Sınav Stresi Olan Lise Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kahve Tüketim Ve Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi. (2019).
15. Bilgiç, P., Hamamcilar, O. & Bilgiç, S. C. Sporcuların Beslenme Bilgi ve Uygulamaları. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 37–45 (2011).
16. Şahin, M. A. & Karayiğit, R. Assessment of Effects of Sports and Energy Drinks on Sports Performance and Its Role in Sports Nutrition. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences 12, 406–412 (2020).
17. İşçioğlu, F. et al. Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasındaki Enerji İçeceği Tüketim ve Bilinci Araştırması. Akademik Gıda 6–11 (2010).
18. Markon, A. O., Jones, O. E., Punzalan, C. M., Lurie, P. & Wolpert, B. Caffeinated energy drinks: Adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration and the National Poison Data System, 2008 to 2015. Public Health Nutr 22, 2531–2542 (2019).
19. Jagim, A. R. et al. Prevalence and Amounts of Common Ingredients Found in Energy Drinks and Shots. Nutrients 14, (2022).
20. Higgins, J. P., Liras, G. N. & Liras, I. N. Some popular energy shots and their ingredients: Are they safe and should they be used? a literature review. Beverages 4, (2018).
21. Willson, C. The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study. Toxicology Reports vol. 5 1140–1152 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.002 (2018).
22. Gören, İ. E. & Dağlıoğlu, N. High Risk in Energy Drinks: Caffeine. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences 16, 98–103 (2019).
23. Ruiz, L. D. & Scherr, R. E. Risk of Energy Drink Consumption to Adolescent Health. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine vol. 13 22–25 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827618803069 (2019).
24. Kaur, A., Yousuf, H., Ramgobin-Marshall, D., Jain, R. & Jain, R. Energy drink consumption: a rising public health issue. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine vol. 23 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2303083 (2022).
25. Jee, H. J., Lee, S. G., Bormate, K. J. & Jung, Y. S. Effect of caffeine consumption on the risk for neurological and psychiatric disorders: Sex differences in human. Nutrients vol. 12 1–20 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103080 (2020).
26. Białogłowski, K. et al. Are they give you wings or cut you down - an analysis of the effects of energy drinks on human health. Quality in Sport 16, 53025 (2024).
27. Babu, K. M., Church, R. J. & Lewander, W. Energy Drinks: The New Eye-Opener For Adolescents. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 9, 35–42 (2008).
28. De Sanctis, V. et al. Caffeinated energy drink consumption among adolescents and potential health consequences associated with their use: A significant public health hazard. Acta Biomedica 88, 222–231 (2017).
29. Aguilar-Navarro, M. et al. Urine caffeine concentration in doping control samples from 2004 to 2015. Nutrients 11, (2019).
30. James, J. E., Kristjánsson, Á. L. & Sigfúsdóttir, I. D. Adolescent substance use, sleep, and academic achievement: Evidence of harm due to caffeine. J Adolesc 34, 665–673 (2011).
31. Muslu, M. Öğrencilerde akademik başarının arttırılmasında masanın dört ayağı; beslenme, uyku, fiziksel aktivite ve sosyal yaşam. Current Perspectives On Health Sciences 4, 17–25 (2023).
32. Costantino, A. et al. The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body. Nutrients vol. 15 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183922 (2023).
33. Jagim, A. R. et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 20, (2023).
34. Andrade, F. R. T., Thalheimer, G., Hidalgo, S. D. V. & Almeida, R. M. M. de. A Scoping Review on Energy Drink Consumption Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Graduate Student Journal of Psychology 21, 30–47 (2023).
35. Koivusilta, L., Kuoppamäki, H. & Rimpelä, A. Energy drink consumption, health complaints and late bedtime among young adolescents. Int J Public Health 61, 299–306 (2016).
36. Costa, B. M., Hayley, A. & Miller, P. Young adolescents’ perceptions, patterns, and contexts of energy drink use. A focus group study. Appetite 80, 183–189 (2014).
37. Visram, S., Cheetham, M., Riby, D. M., Crossley, S. J. & Lake, A. A. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. Open 6, 10380 (2016).
38. Gürel, A. N. & Hisar, F. Adölesanlarda Şekerli İçecek Tüketiminin Obezite İle İlişkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 177–191 (2018).
39. Marinoni, M., Parpinel, M., Gasparini, A., Ferraroni, M. & Edefonti, V. Psychological and socio-educational correlates of energy drink consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review. European Journal of Pediatrics vol. 181 889–901 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04321-7 (2022).
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42. Mcilvain, G. E., Noland, M. P. & Bickel, R. Caffeine Consumption Patterns and Beliefs of College Freshmen. Am J Health Educ 42, 235–244 (2011).
43. Champlin, S. E., Pasch, K. E. & Perry, C. L. Is the Consumption of Energy Drinks Associated With Academic Achievement Among College Students? Journal of Primary Prevention 37, 345–359 (2016).
44. Galimov, A. Energy Drink Consumption, Substance Use and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents. (2021).
45. Nakilcioğlu-Taş, E., Hacıhasanoğlu, F. E. & Ötleş, S. 18 Yaş Altı İle 18 Yaş Ve Üstü Bireylerin Enerji İçeceği Tüketimi Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi: İzmir İli Örneği. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi (2019) doi:10.28948/ngumuh.516838.
46. Öğün, E. A. Tüketim Toplumu Ve Çocuk Tüketiciler: Reklamlar Üzerine Bir Analiz. (2019).
47. RedBull. https://www.redbull.com/tr-tr/athletes?filter.countryCode=TR.
48. Marmorstein, N. R. Energy Drink and Coffee Consumption and Psychopathology Symptoms Among Early Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations. J Caffeine Res 6, 64–72 (2016).
49. Reissig, C. J., Strain, E. C. & Griffiths, R. R. Caffeinated energy drinks-A growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend 99, 1–10 (2009).
50. Peker, Z. Enerji İçeceklerinin Muhteviyat Açısından Değerlendirilmeleri. (2021).
51. Markey, E. J., Durbin, R. J. & Blumental, R. BUZZ KILL A Survey of Popular Energy Drinks Finds Majority of the Market Unwilling to Make Commitments to Protect Adolescents. http://www.foodproductdesign.com/news/2013/02/energy-drink-sales-will-skyrocket-to-21-billion-b.aspx (2013).
52. Wimer, D. J. & Levant, R. F. Energy Drink Use and Its Relationship to Masculinity, Jock Identity, and Fraternity Membership Among Men. Am J Mens Health 7, 317–328 (2013).
53. Kaldenbach, S., Strand, T. A., Solvik, B. S. & Holten-Andersen, M. Social determinants and changes in energy drink consumption among adolescents in Norway, 2017-2019: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open vol. 11 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049284 (2021).
54. Avci, E. Türkiye’deki Enerji İçeceği Kullanım Sıklığının Klasik ve Bayesci Meta-analiz Yöntemlerine Göre Belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 7, 320–330 (2017).
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56. John Higgins, by P., Babu, K. M., Deuster, P. A. & Shearer, J. Stimulant-Containing Energy Drinks What You Need to Know. ACMS’s Health & Fitness Journal 22, (2018).
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63. Schwartz, D. L. et al. Energy Drinks and Youth Self-Reported Hyperactivity/Inattention Symptoms. Acad Pediatr 15, 297–304 (2015).
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77. Mustafa, Y. S., Abdulkareem, S. M. & Ismail, T. F. Adverse Effects of Excessive Use of Some Beverages on Male Albino Rats. Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 8, 132–139 (2024).
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79. Aykin, H. Enerji İçecekleri Ötv Kapsamına Alınmalı mı? Vergi Sorunları Dergisi (2014).

Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Berra Turan 0009-0001-8429-7061 Mine Esin Ocaktan 0000-0001-7576-4943
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	2 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi	25 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA	Turan B, Ocaktan ME. Enerji İçeceklerinin Adolesanlar Arasındaki Tüketimi ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri. aktd. Aralık 2024;33(4):238-248. doi:10.17827/aktd.1527067

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