International Human Mobility and Its Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 267 - 272, 31.12.2024

Hatice Hale Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1582845

Öz

Antimicrobial resistance is an important worldwide problem that is an unintended consequence of modern medical treatment. Antimicrobial resistance, which began to become a problem with resistance to most beta lactam group antibiotics as a result of the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in the Enterobacteriaceae, has become a global public health problem by progressing towards carbapenem resistance with the increasing use of carbapenems in the treatment of these pathogens and then colistin resistance. Such that infectious diseases can no longer be treated with antibiotics and healthcare services are heading towards an unknown future. The factors that are effective in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are the movement of by-products of antibiotics, resistant bacteria, mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes between different hosts and ecologies (humans, animals, soil, food and environment), delayed diagnosis or lack of access to diagnostic methods, inappropriate or excessive use of antibiotics and the hunger for discovery of new antimicrobials, as well as the constant movement of people between countries for various reasons. The acquisition, long-term carriage and spread of travel-induced antimicrobial resistance may play a role in domestic transmission of these organisms and in community outbreaks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Travel, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, multidrug resistance, carbepenem resistance

Uluslararası İnsan Hareketliliği ve Antimikrobiyal Dirence Etkisi

Öz

Antimikrobiyal direnç, modern tıbbi tedavinin istenmeyen bir sonucu olan dünya çapında önemli bir sorundur. Enterobacteriaceae ailesinde genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamazların üretimi sonucu çoğu beta laktam grubu antibiyotiklere direnç ile sorun haline gelmeye başlayan antimikrobiyal direnç, bu patojenlerin tedavisinde karbapenemlerin artan kullanımı ile karbapenem direncine ve sonrasında kolistin direncine doğru ilerleyerek küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Öyle ki enfeksiyon hastalıklarının artık antibiyotiklerle tedavi edilememesi ve sağlık hizmetlerinde bilinmeyen bir geleceğe gidiş söz konusudur. Antimikrobiyal direncin oluşması ve yayılmasında etkili olan faktörler farklı konakçılar ve ekolojiler (insanlar, hayvanlar, toprak, gıda ve çevre) arasında antibiyotiklerin yan ürünlerinin, dirençli bakterilerin, direnç genlerini taşıyan mobil genetik elemanların hareket etmesi, gecikmiş tanı veya tanı yöntemlerine erişim yetersizliği, antibiyotiklerin uygunsuz veya aşırı kullanılması ve yeni antimikobiyallerin keşif açlığı olduğu kadar insanların çeşitli sebeplerle ülkeler arasında sürekli hareket halinde olmasıdır. Seyahat kaynaklı antimikrobiyal direncin kazanımı, uzun süre taşıyıcılığı ve yayılması, bu organizmaların ev içi bulaşmasında ve toplumsal salgınlarda rol oynayabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seyahat, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, çoklu ilaca direnç, karbapenem direnci

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada bütün bilgiler etik ilkeler çerçevesinde araştırılmış, analiz edilmiş ve atıflarda belirtilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir fon veya kuruluş tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Kaynakça

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