Riskli Bebek Rehabilitasyonu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 237 - 242, 30.09.2025

Tuba Tülay Koca

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1566677

Öz

Riskli bebek tanımına baktığımızda ilk olarak 32. gebelik haftasında önce dünyaya gelen preterm bebekler gelmekle birlikte postterm yenidoğanlar, term doğan düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebekler (<2500 gr), konjenital anomalili bebekler de bu sınıfta yer almaktadır. Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte daha çok riskli bebekleri hayatta tutunabilmektedir. Prematüre bebeklerin, term bebeklere göre takiplerinin 3. ve 6. aylarında optimal olmayan motor gelişim davranışı ve tüm alt sistemlerde (zihinsel, gelişimsel, nörodavranışsal, motor) özdüzenleme sorunları gösterdiği bilinmektedir.
Yüksek riskli yenidoğanların nörogelişimsel değerlendirmelerinin erken yapılması, eksikliklerinin belirlenmesi ve ihtiyaç duyulan bölgede fizyoterapötik müdahale ve aile merkezli rehabilitasyon programlarının erken başlatılması gerekmektedir. Prematüre bebekler sadece motor alanda sorun yaşadığı düşünülse de artık sosyal, davranış, yaşam becerileri, uyku, dil, beslenme, ruh sağlığı, tuvalet alışkanlıkları ve iletişim gibi pek çok nörogelişimsel aşamada zorluk yaşamaktadır. Erken doğan bazı bebeklere zamanla otizm ve dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı konur. Bu özel ihtiyaçları olan çocuk grupları hayatlarının her döneminde yakından takip edilmelidir.
Preterm bebeklerin %10'u hayatlarının ilerleyen dönemlerinde serebral palsi tanısı almaktadır. Serebral palsi santral sinir sistemindeki non-progresif hasarın yanında musküloskeletal sistemde progresif problemler ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Geçmiş yıllarda tedavi süreçlerinde dışarıda bırakılan ebeveynler artık rehabilitasyon ekibinin merkezinde yer almaktadırlar. Sağlıklı bebeklerin gelecekte sağlıklı yetişkinler olacağı akılda tutulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

riskli bebek , rehabilitasyon , nörogelişimsel değerlendirme , prematürite , serebral palsi

Risky Baby Rehabilitation

Öz

When we look at the definition of risky babies, the first to come to mind is preterm babies born before the 32nd week of pregnancy, but also postterm newborns, term low birth weight babies (<2500 gr), and babies with congenital anomalies are included in this class. With developing technology, it is possible to keep more risky babies alive. It is known that premature babies, compared to term babies, show suboptimal motor development behavior and self-regulation problems in all subsystems (mental, developmental, neurobehavioral, motor) in the 3rd and 6th months of their follow-up.
Early neurodevelopmental assessments of high-risk newborns should be performed, deficiencies should be determined, and physiotherapeutic intervention and family-centered rehabilitation programs should be initiated early in the needed areas. Although premature babies are thought to have problems only in the motor area, they now have difficulties in many neurodevelopmental stages, such as social, behavioral, life skills, sleep, language, nutrition, mental health, toilet habits, and communication. Some premature babies are diagnosed with autism and attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorder over time. This group of children with special needs should be closely monitored at every stage of their lives.
10% of preterm babies are diagnosed with cerebral palsy later in life. Cerebral palsy presents with non-progressive damage to the central nervous system as well as progressive problems in the musculoskeletal system. Parents, who were left out of treatment processes in the past, are now at the center of the rehabilitation team. It should be kept in mind that healthy babies will become healthy adults in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

risky baby , rehabilitation , neurodevelopmental assesment , prematurity , cerebral palsy

Kaynakça

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