AKTİF DENGELEME TOPOLOJİSİNE SAHİP AKÜ YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ TASARIMI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 35 - 48, 30.06.2024

Tuna Aykut Sezer Çetin Alper Mandacı Sıtkı Güner

Öz

Piller birden fazla hücre içeren ve kullanan paketlerdir. Ancak pili oluşturan hücrelerin tamamı eşit şekilde şarj ve deşarj olamaz ve bu dengesizlik pilde verim kaybına neden olur. Aynı tarihte, aynı fabrikada, aynı yöntemle üretilmiş olsalar bile mesela biri %40 tüketilirken diğeri %50 tüketiliyor. Bu noktada batarya yönetim sistemleri (BMS) önem kazanmaktadır. Aktif ve pasif yöntemler olarak iki ana başlığa ayrılan BMS bu makalenin odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Hem aktif hem de pasif hücre dengeleme, her hücrenin şarj durumunu (SoC) izleyip eşleştirerek sistem sağlığını iyileştirmenin etkili yoludur. Aktif hücre dengeleme, şarj döngüsü sırasında yükü basitçe dağıtan pasif hücre dengelemenin aksine, şarj ve deşarj döngüsü sırasında yükü yeniden dağıtır. Böylece aktif hücre dengeleme, sistemin çalışma süresini artırır ve şarj verimliliğini artırabilir. Aynı zamanda daha güvenilir, fazla enerjiyi düşük enerjili hücreye gönderdiği için enerji israfını önleyen, dengeleme hızı daha hızlı olan bir yöntemdir. Aktif dengeleme daha karmaşık, daha büyük bir karbon ayak izi oluşturur ve pasif dengeleme daha uygun maliyetlidir. Bu nedenle sektörde pasif dengeleme daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Ancak aktif dengeleme, yüksek gerilim uygulamaları ve elektrikli araç teknolojileri için daha uygundur. Aktif dengelemenin dezavantajları göz önüne alındığında, bu yöntemin geliştirilmesi, sektöre bilgi sağlanması ve teknolojinin popüler pek çok alanında enerji verimliliğinin artırılması temel amaçtır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aktif Akü Yönetim Sistemi, Akü Verimliliği, Arduino, Şarj Durumu

DESIGN OF A BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE BALANCING TOPOLOGY

Öz

Batteries are packages that contain and use multiple cells. However, not all cells that make up the battery can charge and discharge equally, and this imbalance leads to a loss of efficiency in the battery. Even if they were produced on the same date, in the same factory, with the same method, for example, one of them is consumed by 40% while the other is consumed by 50%. At this point, battery management systems (BMS) are gaining importance. BMS, which is divided into two main headings as active and passive methods, is the focus of this paper. Both active and passive cell balancing are effective ways to improve system health by monitoring and matching the state of charge (SoC) of each cell. Active cell balancing redistributes the charge during the charge and discharge cycle, unlike passive cell balancing, which simply distributes the charge during the charge cycle. Thus, active cell balancing increases system uptime and can improve charging efficiency. At the same time, it is a method that is more reliable, avoids energy wastage as it sends excess energy to the low-energy cell, and has a faster balancing speed. Active balancing creates a more complex, larger carbon footprint and passive balancing is more cost-effective. Therefore, passive balancing is more preferred in the sector. However, active balancing is more suitable for high-voltage applications and electric vehicle technologies. Considering the disadvantages of active balancing, the main objectives are to develop this method, to provide know-how for the sector, and to increase energy efficiency in many popular areas of technology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Active Battery Management System, Arduino, Battery Efficiency, State of Charge

Kaynakça

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