Araştırma Makalesi
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Prediction of the Happiness of Children between Ages 9-12 by Friendship

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 01.07.2019

Öz

The aim of this present study is to investigate
whether the friendship qualities of 9-12 years old students significantly
predicted their happiness levels. The data were collected by the researcher and
the students were informed about the study before the data were collected. Within
the scope of the study various scales were conducted fort the data collection:
Personal Information Form is for the collection of demographic features,
Friendship Quality Questionnaire in order to measure students’ level of
friendship, School Children’s Happiness Inventory for the measurement of the
happiness level of students at school. The participants of this research
consist 558 primary school and middle school students studying at state schools
of a city center in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in the 2017-2018
academic year. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. As a
result of the study, it was determined that there is a medium level, positive
and meaningful relationship between the friendship quality and happiness of primary
school and middle school students. According to the results of the analysis,
validation and support, help and guidance, self-disclosure, trust, conflict,
companionship and recreation together constitute 19% of the students' levels of
happiness. According to this model, the order of importance of meaningful
predictors of students’ happiness levels is validation and support and
sub-dimensions of conflict.

Kaynakça

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  • Ağlamaz, T. (2006). Lise öğrencilerinin saldırganlık puanlarının kendini açma davranışı, okul türü, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne-baba öğrenim düzeyi ve ailenin aylık gelir düzeyi açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
  • Annak, B. (2005). Sosyal destek, sosyal ağ, yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam doyumu: Duygu-durum ve anksiyete bozukluğu tanısı alan kişiler ve düzenli hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören hastalar açısından bir karşılaştırma. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi, Mersin.
  • Baker, S. E. (2009). An examination of friendship quality and affective representations of friendship in children perinatally infected with HIV, childern with asthma and healty childern of HIV-positive mothers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Central Michigan Universty, Michigan.
  • Baldassare, M., Rosenfield, S., & Rook, K. (1984). The types of social relations predicting elderly well-being. Research on Aging, 6(4),549–559.
  • Barbalet, J. (2009). A characterization of trust, and its consequences. Theory and Society, 38(4), 367-382.
  • Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundemental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin,117(3), 497-529.
  • Baytemir, K. (2014). Ergenlikte ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanma ile öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide kişilerarası yeterliğin aracılığı. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Bollmer, J. M., Milich, R., Harris, M. J., & Maras, M. A. (2005). A friend in need: The role of friendship quality as a protective factor in peer victimization and bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(6), 701-712.
  • Bradshaw, J., Hoelscher, P., & Richardson, D. (2007). An index of child well-being in the European Union. Social Indicators Research, 80(1), 133–177.
  • Brannan, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Mohr, C. D., Mortazavi, S., & Stein, N. (2013). Friends and family: A cross-cultural investigation of social support and subjective well-being among college students. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 65-75.
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9-12 Yaş Arası Çocukların Mutluluklarının Arkadaşlık Niteliği Tarafından Yordanması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 01.07.2019

Öz

Bu araştırma, 9-12 yaşları arasındaki öğrencilerinin arkadaşlık niteliklerinin
mutluluk düzeylerini manidar şekilde yordayıp yordamadığını incelemek amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından toplanmış ve verilerin
toplanmasına geçmeden önce öğrencilere çalışma ile ilgili bilgilendirme
yapılmıştır. Araştırmada çeşitli demografik verilerin öğrenilmesi amacıyla
Kişisel Bilgi Formu, öğrencilerin arkadaşlık nitelik düzeylerini ölçmek
amacıyla Arkadaşlık Niteliği Ölçeği, öğrencilerin okuldaki mutluluk düzeylerini
belirlemek amacıyla Okul Çocuklarının Mutluluk Envanteri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 öğretim yılında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde
yer alan bir il merkezine bağlı devlet ilkokullarında ve ortaokullarında
öğrenim gören 558 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizi için çoklu
regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin arkadaşlık
niteliği ile mutlulukları arasında orta düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkilerin
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre arkadaşlık niteliğinin alt
boyutlarını oluşturan kendini açma, çatışma, onaylama ve destekleme, dostluk ve
eşlik etme, güven, yardım ve rehberlik değişkenleri birlikte öğrencilerin
mutluluk düzeylerinin % 19’unu açıklamaktadır. Bu modele göre öğrencilerin
mutluluk düzeylerinin manidar yordayıcılarının göreli olarak önem sırası
onaylama ve destekleme ve çatışma alt boyutlarıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Agnor, C. J. (2009). A proposed model of friendship quality and attachment in preschool children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seattle Pacific Universty, Seattle.
  • Ağlamaz, T. (2006). Lise öğrencilerinin saldırganlık puanlarının kendini açma davranışı, okul türü, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne-baba öğrenim düzeyi ve ailenin aylık gelir düzeyi açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
  • Annak, B. (2005). Sosyal destek, sosyal ağ, yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam doyumu: Duygu-durum ve anksiyete bozukluğu tanısı alan kişiler ve düzenli hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören hastalar açısından bir karşılaştırma. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi, Mersin.
  • Baker, S. E. (2009). An examination of friendship quality and affective representations of friendship in children perinatally infected with HIV, childern with asthma and healty childern of HIV-positive mothers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Central Michigan Universty, Michigan.
  • Baldassare, M., Rosenfield, S., & Rook, K. (1984). The types of social relations predicting elderly well-being. Research on Aging, 6(4),549–559.
  • Barbalet, J. (2009). A characterization of trust, and its consequences. Theory and Society, 38(4), 367-382.
  • Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundemental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin,117(3), 497-529.
  • Baytemir, K. (2014). Ergenlikte ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanma ile öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide kişilerarası yeterliğin aracılığı. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Bollmer, J. M., Milich, R., Harris, M. J., & Maras, M. A. (2005). A friend in need: The role of friendship quality as a protective factor in peer victimization and bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(6), 701-712.
  • Bradshaw, J., Hoelscher, P., & Richardson, D. (2007). An index of child well-being in the European Union. Social Indicators Research, 80(1), 133–177.
  • Brannan, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Mohr, C. D., Mortazavi, S., & Stein, N. (2013). Friends and family: A cross-cultural investigation of social support and subjective well-being among college students. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 65-75.
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  • Hussong, A. M. (2000). Perceived peer context and adolescent adjustment, Journal of Research on Adolescence 10(4), 391–415.
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  • Ladd, G. W. (1990). Having friends, keeping friends, making friends and being liked by peers in the classroom: Pretictors of children’s early school adjustment? Child Development, 61(4), 1081-1110.
  • Laursen, B. (1993). Percevied impact of conflict on adolescent relationships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,39,535-550.
  • Leung, W. F. P. (2007). Peer relations in preadolescence: Associations between friendship quality peer acceptance and parental management in peer relations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, http://lbms03.cityu.edu.hk/oaps/ss2007-5790lfw768.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Lewinsohn, P., Redner, J., & Seeley. J. (1991). The relationship between life satisfaction and psychosocial variables: New perspectives. In Strack, Argyle, & Schwarz (Eds.), In Subjective well-being: An interdisplinary perspective. (pp. 141-172). Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Lu, L., & Shih, J. B. (1997). Personality and happiness: Is mental health a mediator? Personality and İndividual. Differences. 22(2), 249-256.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American psychologist, 56(3), 239- 249.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change, Review of General Psychology 9,111–131.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self esteem? Social Indicators Research, 78(3), 363–404.
  • Makino, Y., & Tagami, F. (1998). Subjective well-being and self acceptance. Shinrigaku kenkyu: The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 69 (2), 143-148.
  • Mahon, N. E. & Yarcheski, A. (2002). Alternative theories of happiness in early adolescents. Clinical Nursing Research, 11 (3), 306–323.
  • Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., & Yarcheski, T. J. (2005). Happiness as related to gender and health in early adolescents. Clinical Nursing Research, 14(2), 175-190.
  • Marion, D. (2008).Longitudional change in friendship quality and adolescent adjustment. Unpublished master dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.
  • Mendelson, M. J., & Aboud, F. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill Friendship Questionnaires. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31(2), 130-132.
  • Milevsky, A. (2005). Compensating patterns of sibling support in emerging adulthood: Variations in loneliness, self-esteem, depression and life satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22 (6), 743- 755.
  • Myers, D., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy. American Psychological Society. 6 (1), 1-19
  • Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychological Association 55(1), 56-57.
  • Nickerson, A. B., & Nagle, R. J. (2004). The influence of parent and peer attachments on life satisfaction in middle childhood and early adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 66, 35–60.
  • Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Zumbo, B. D. (2011). Life satisfaction in early adolescence: Personal, neighborhood, school, family, and peer influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 889–901.
  • Öztürk, N. (2016). Arkadaşlık becerisi psiko-eğitiminin 9-12 yaş arası öğrencilerin arkadaşlık niteliğine etkisi Yayınlanmış doktora tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Malatya.
  • Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 59(1), 25-39.
  • Park, N., & Huebner, E. S. (2005). A cross-cultural study of the levels and correlates of life satisfaction among adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 444-456.
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Character strengths and happiness among young children: Content analysis of parental descriptions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 323–341.
  • Powdthavee, N. (2008). Putting a price tag on friends, relatives, and neighbours: Using surveys on life satisfaction to value social relationships. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(4), 1459–1480.
  • Proctor, C. L., Linley, P. A., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth life satisfaction: A review of the literature. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(5), 583–630.
  • Raboteg-Saric, Z., & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3), 749–765.
  • Requena, F. (1995). Friendship and subjective well-being in Spain: A cross-national comparison with the United States. Social Indicators Research, 35(3), 271-288.
  • Ryff, D. C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorationson the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6),1069-1081.
  • Saygın, Y., & Aslan, C. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal destek, benlik saygısı ve öznel iyi oluş düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi, 28, 207-222.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding: Developmental and clinical analyses. New York: Academic Press.
  • Schultz, D., Izard, C. E., & Bear, G. G. (2004). Emotionality, emotion information processing, and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 371–387.
  • Spencer, L., & Pahl, R. (2006). Rethinking friendship: Hidden solidarities today. Princeton University Press.
  • Suh, E., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1091-1102.
  • Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton Press.
  • Şahin, G. N. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kendini açma, öznel iyi oluş ve algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Tait, M., Padget, M. Y., & Baldwin, T. T. (1989). Job and life satisfaction: A reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 (3), 502–507.
  • Telef, B. B. (2014). Okul çocuklarının mutluluk envanteri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(1), 130-143.
  • Terry, T., & Huebner, E. S. (1995). The relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction in children. Social Indicators Research, 35(1), 39-52.
  • Thoilliez, B. (2011). How to grow up happy: An exploratory study on the meaning of happiness from children’s voices. Child Indicators Research. 4(2), 323-351.
  • Thompson, M., Grace, C. O., & Cohen, L.J. (2002). Çocuğunuzun arkadaşlık ilişkileri, (Çev. E. N. Boylu), Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi.
  • Tosyalı, M. (2010). Evli bireylerde bağımlı ve özerk (sosyotropik-otonomik) kişilik özellikleri, empati ve mutluluk düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • UNICEF (2007). Child poverty in perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries: A comprehensive assessment of the lives and well-being of children and adolescents in the economically advanced. Innocenti Repot Card 7, Florence: UNİCEF Innocenti Research Centre https://www.unicef.org/media/files/ChildPovertyReport. (August 21, 2018).
  • Valois, R. F., Zullig, K. J., Huebner, E. S., & Drane, J. W. (2009). Youth developmental assets of perceived life satisfaction: Is there a relationship? Applied Research on Quality of Life, 4(4), 315–331.
  • Van der Horst, M., & Coffe, H. (2010). How Friendship network characteristics influence subjektive well-being. Social Indicators Research. 107, 509-529.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Boston: Riedel
  • Veenhoven, R. (1989). National wealth and individual happiness. In K. G. Grunert, K. G. &. Olander, F. (Eds.), Understanding Economic Behavior (pp. 9–32). Boston: Kluwer.
  • Waring, E. M., Holden, R. R., & Wesley, S. (1998). Development of the marital self‐disclosure questionnaire (MSDQ). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(6), 817-824.
  • Watson, G. (1930). Happiness among adult students of education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 21(2), 79-109.
  • Yucel, D., & Yuan, A. S. V. (2016). Parents, siblings, or friends? Exploring life satisfaction among early adolescents. Applied Research Quality Life, 11(4), 1399-1423.
  • Yun Lee, L. S. (2008). Peer reciprocity, acceptence and friendship quality in chidren with autism in general educational settings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. California Universty, Los Angeles.
  • Yörükoğlu, A. (1998). Çocuk ruh sağlığı. (24. bs.). İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları.
  • Yörükoğlu, A. (2000). Gençlik çağı ruh sağlığı ve ruhsal sorunları. (11. bs.). İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları.
Toplam 108 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nilgün Öztürk

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, N. (2019). 9-12 Yaş Arası Çocukların Mutluluklarının Arkadaşlık Niteliği Tarafından Yordanması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-18.
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