Terörizm Tarihinin İlk Terör Örgütleri: Zealotlar, Haşhaşiler ve Thuglar

Öz

1. yüzyıldaki Zealotlar’dan 11 Eylül 2001 terör saldırılarına, 2008 Mumbai eyleminden, 2011 Norveç’in Oslo saldırılarına kadar terör örgütleri birçok önemli olayın sebebi olmuştur. Bu çalışma 1. yüzyılın Zealotlar’ına, 11 ve 13. yüzyıllarda faaliyet gösteren Haşhaşiler’e ve 13 ile 19. yüzyıllarda inandıkları tanrıça Kali’ye kurban vermek amacıyla terör eylemleri gerçekleştiren Thuglar’a odaklanmaktadır. Modern terör örgütlerine kıyasla daha uzun ömürlü olan söz konusu üç terör örgütü dini motifle hareket etmesi sebebiyle modern terörizm hakkında bizlere öğrettikleri açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Terör örgütleri ne kadar ilkel olurlarsa olsunlar her daim silahlara, ulaşım araçlarına ve iletişime sahip olmuşlardır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada incelenen terör örgütleri de aktif oldukları süre zarfında dönemin imkanlarından faydalanmaya çalışmış ve teröre başvurmuştur. Yapılacak olan çalışma terörizmin tarihinin ilk terör örgütleri olan Zealotlar’a, Haşhaşiler’e ve Thuglar’a odaklanmakta, söz konusu örgütlerin motivasyon kaynaklarını, bulundukları bölgeleri, eylem tiplerini, hedef kitlesini ve politik amaçlarını inceleyerek karşılaştırma amacı gütmektedir. Böylelikle modern terörizm öncesi döneme ve tarihin ilk terör örgütleri ele alınmış ve karşılaştırılmış olacaktır. Bununla beraber dini motifli olan bu örgütlerin günümüzde ortaya çıkan terör örgütlerini anlamamıza yardımcı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Terörizm Tarihi
• Zealotlar
• Haşhaşiler
• Thuglar

The First Terrorist Organizations in the History of Terrorism: Zealots, Hashashins and Thugs

Öz

From the Zealots in the 1st century to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, from the 2008 Mumbai attacks to the 2011 Oslo attacks in Norway, terrorist organizations have been the cause of many important events. This study focuses on the Zealots of the 1st century, the Assassins who were active in the 11th and 13th centuries, and the Thugs who carried out terrorist acts in order to sacrifice to the goddess Kali they believed in in the 13th and 19th centuries. These three terrorist organizations, which have a longer lifespan compared to modern terrorist organizations, are very important in terms of what they teach us about modern terrorism because they act with religious motives. No matter how primitive terrorist organizations are, they have always had weapons, means of transportation, and communication. In this context, the terrorist organizations examined in this study also tried to benefit from the opportunities of the period and resorted to terror during their active period. The study to be conducted focuses on the first terrorist organizations in the history of terrorism, the Zealots, the Hashashins and the Thugs, and aims to compare the motivation sources, regions, types of actions, target audiences and political goals of these organizations. In this way, the period before modern terrorism and the first terrorist organizations in history will be discussed and compared. In addition, it is evaluated that these organizations with religious motifs will help us understand the terrorist organizations that have emerged today.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• History of Terrorism
• Zealots
• Hashashins
• Thugs.

Kaynakça

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