PDF EndNote BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 55 - 73, 01.06.2014

Öz

The article analyses the change in paradigm of Turkish Foreign Policy with reference to Post-Cold War. The article has two main assumptions: (i) The international system mainly determines the foreign policy of any state (ii) Post-Cold War is a multi-polar international system with three sub-periods. The article understands the strategy and objectives of Turkish Foreign Policy for each sub-period to identify the paradigm change of it. The article concludes that Turkey has adopted a complementary alliance with West in its foreign policy, but endeavored to conduct an ideologist alliance the remainder states of Ottoman Empire after 2008

Kaynakça

  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East: Peace-Building in the Periphery,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 11 (2009); Hakan Fidan, “A Work in Progress: The New Turkish Foreign Policy,” Middle East Policy 20 (2013).
  • Kemal Kirişçi, “The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State,” New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009); Mustafa Kutlay, “Economy as the ‘Practical Hand’ of ‘New Turkish Foreign Policy’: A Political Economy Explanation,” Insight Turkey 13 (2011).
  • Tarık Oğuzlu and Mustafa Kibaroğlu, “Is the Westernization Process Losing Pace in Turkey: Who’s to Blame?,” Turkish Studies 10 (2009); Lerna Yanık,“Constructing Turkish ‘Exceptionalism’: Discourse of Liminality and Hybridity in post-Cold War Turkish Foreign Policy,” Political Geography 30 (2011).
  • Meliha B. Altunışık and Lenore G. Martin, “Making Sense of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East under AKP,” Turkish Studies 12 (2011); Ahmet Sözen, “A Paradigm Shift in Turkish Foreign Policy: Transition and Challenges,” Turkish Studies 11 (2010); Ziya Öniş, “Multiple Faces of the ‘New’ Turkish Foreign Policy: Underlying Dynamics and a Critique,” Insight Turkey 13 (2011).
  • Güneş Murat Tezcür and Alexandru Grigorescu, “Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy: Balancing European and Regional Interests,” International Studies Perspectives 15 (2014).
  • Anthony Best, Jussi M. Hanimaki, Joseph A. Maiolo and Kirsten Schulz, International History of the Twentieth Century (New York: Routledge, 2006); Michael Cox, “From Cold War to the War on Terror,” in The Globalization of World Politics, ed. John Baylis and Steve Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
  • George Friedman, “Beyond the Post-Cold War,” Geopolitical Weekly (2013), accessed March 4, 2014, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/beyond-post-cold-war-world#axzz2VX3EXnM9 (Erişim: 04 Nisan 2013).
  • H. Burç Aka, Security Dimension of European Integration: In the Context of Changing International System (Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010), 88.
  • Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, “Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türk Dış Politikası (The New World Order and Turkish Foreign Policy),” in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 633.
  • Zbigniew Brezinski, “Büyük Satranç Tahtası: Amerika'nın Küresel Üstünlüğü ve Bunun Jeostratejik Gereklilikleri (The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives),” trans. Yelda Türedi (İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınları,2005), 26.
  • Henry Kissinger, “Diplomasi (Diplomacy)”, trans İbrahim H. Kurt (İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2006), 61.
  • The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paradigm.
  • Alper Taşdelen, “Dış Politikada Paradigma (Paradigm in Foreign Policy),” Radikal Gazetesi, June 15, 2012, accessed December 18, 2013, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yorum/dis_politikada_paradigma-1091187.
  • Mustafa Aydın, “Turkish Foreign Policy at the End of the Cold War: Roots and Dynamics,” Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 36 (2005): 4- 5.
  • For state centric foreign policy analysis, see George Modelski, A Theory of Foreign Policy, (London: Pall Mall Press, 1962); Kalevi J. Holsti, International Politics: A Framework for Analysis (4th Edition), (London: Prentice Hall, 1983); James N. Rosenau, “The Study of Foreign Policy,” in World Politics: An Introduction, ed. James N. Rosenau, Kenneth W. Thomson and Gavin Boyd (New York: Free Press, 1972). For non-state centric foreign policy analysis, see Martin Hollis and Steve Smith, Explaining and Understanding International Relations, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990); Richard W. Mansbach, The Global Puzzle, Issues and Actors In World Politics, (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000); Bruce Russet, Harvey Starr and David Kinsella, World Politics: The Menu For Choice (8th Edition), (Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006).
  • Modelski, A Theory of Foreign Policy.
  • Holsti, International Politics.
  • Rosenau, “The Study of Foreign Policy”.
  • Hans Morgenthau, “Politics Among Nations: The Struggle Power and Peace” New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967), 175 -187.
  • Charles O Jr. Learche and Abdul A. Said, Concept of International Politics, 2ndEdition (New Jersey: Prentince-Hall, 1970), 25.
  • “Official Text: The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1991.
  • Margaret Thatcher, “Speech to Czechoslovak Federal Assembly,” 1990, accessed April 24, 2013 http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/archive/files/thatcher-speech-9-18-90-9890abc557.pdf; William Jefferson Clinton “Assessing the United Nations at 50,” 1995, accessed April 24, 2013, http://www.defencelink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=993.
  • Amikam Nachmani, (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press 2003),1; William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 -2000, (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002)
  • Philip Robbins, “Turkish Foreign Policy Under Erbakan,” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 39 (1997): 97.
  • Baskın Oran, “Dönemin Bilançosu (An Accounting of An Era),” Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Vol. 2: 1980 – 2001 (Turkish Foreign Policy: From the Turkish War of Liberation to Today, Facts, Documents, Comments: 1980 - 2001) ed. Baskın Oran (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001), 210; William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 – 2000, (London: Franc Cass Publishers, 2002), 192; Nachmani, Turkey Facing A New Millennium: Coping with Intertwined Conflicts, 7.
  • Kemal Kirişçi, “Uluslararası Sistemde Değişmeler ve Türk Dış Politikasının Yeni Yönelimleri (Changes in the International System and New Directions in Turkish Foreign Policy), ” trans. Burak Gülboy in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 616. (“Changes in the International System and New Directions in Turkish Foreign Policy”)
  • Nasuh Uslu, Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Period, (New York: Nova Publishers, 2004), 4. H. Burç Aka
  • “Official Text: The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1991.
  • Sabri Sayarı, “Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism,” Journal of International Affairs 54 (2000): 173.
  • Şükrü Gürel, “A General Appraisal Of Current Turkish Foreign Policy” in Turkey at the Threshold of the 21th Century, ed. Mustafa Aydın (Ankara: International Relations Foundation, 1998), 12.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, “Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türk Dış Politikası,” 642.
  • Şükrü Elekdağ “2 1/2 Wars,” Perceptions 1 (1996), accessed May 20, 2013, http://sam.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/SukruElekdag.pdf.
  • See more details: Murhaf Jouejati, “Water Politics as High Politics: The Case of Turkey and Syria,”in Reluctant Neighbor: Turkey’s Role in the Middle East, ed. Henri J. Bakery (Washington: Institute of Peace Press, 1996).
  • Gülden Ayman and Nurşin Güney Ateşoğlu, “Değişen Uluslararası Koşullarda Strateji, Türkiye ve Komşuları (Strategy in the Changing International Conditions, Turkey and Its Neighbors), ” in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 435.
  • Ayman and Ateşoğlu, “Değişen Uluslararası Koşullarda Strateji, Türkiye ve Komşuları,” 437 - 439.
  • John Tirman, “Improving Turkey's ‘Bad Neighborhood’ Pressing Ankara for Rights and Democracy,” World Policy Journal 15 (1998): 61.
  • Elekdağ “2 1/2 Wars,” 38.
  • Mümtaz Sosyal, “The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 41- 43.
  • Panayotis J. Tsakonas and Thanos P. Dokos “Greek-Turkish Relations in the Early Twenty-first Century: A View From Athens,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 107.
  • William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 – 2000, 288.
  • Ibid., 291.
  • Ibid., 287 - 295.
  • Mustafa Aydın “Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’yla İlişkiler (Relations With The Caucuses and Central Asia),” Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Vol. 2: 1980 – 2001, ed. Baskın Oran (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001), 432 – 433.
  • Necdet Pamir, “Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hattı’nda Son Durum (The Latest on the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Crude Oil Pipeline),” Panorama Dergisi 3 (2004): 5.
  • Ibid., 2.
  • “Türkiye’nin Enerji Stratejisi (Turkey’s Energy Strategy),” Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Policy, accessed August 15, 2013, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye_nin-enerji-stratejisi.tr.mfa.
  • Meltem Müftüler Baç, “Turkey’s Predicament in the Post-Cold War Era,” Futures 28 (1996): 257.
  • Beril Dedeoğlu, “Dünden Yarına Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri (The EU-Turkey Relations from Yesterday to Tomorrow),” Siyasa 1 (2005): 37 - 38. Beril Dedeoğlu,
  • “The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1999.
  • Zeynep Atikkan, “Amerikan Cinneti: 11 Eylül Amerika'yı Nasıl Değiştirdi? (The American Insanity: How Did September 11 Change America?),” (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2006).
  • Cengiz Çandar, “Turkish Foreign Policy and the War in Iraq,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 51.
  • Ibid.
  • Ziya Öniş, “Turkey and the Middle East after September 11: The Importance of the EU Dimension,” Turkish Policy Quarterly 2 (2003): 5, accessed December 21, 2013, http://www.turkishpolicy.com/images/stories/2003-04-EUforeignpolicy/TPQ2003-4-onis.pdf.
  • Soli Özel, “Arap Baharı ile Ortadoğu’da Değişen Dış Politika Dengeleri (Changing Balances in Foreign Policy in the Middle East with the Arab Spring),” Perspectives 12 (2012): 60.
  • Karabekir Akkoyunlu, Kalypso Nicolaidis and Kerem Öktem, The Western Condition: Turkey, the U.S. and the EU in the New Middle East, (Oxford: South East European Studies at Oxford, 2013), 25.
  • Meltem Müftürler Baç, “Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: Institutional and Security Challenges,” Perceptions 9 (2004): 39.
  • Nathalie Tocci, “Let's talk Turkey! U.S. Influence on EU–Turkey Relations,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 25 (2012): 403.
  • Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel, “NATO and Turkey in the Post-Cold War World: Between Abandonment and Entrapment,” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 12 (2012): 542.
  • Prime Minister Erdogan stated that the EU will gain a bridge between itself and the 1.5 billion Islamic world with the accession of 99% Muslim Turkey to the EU. See Guardian, September 30, 2005.
  • Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkey's Zero-Problems Foreign Policy,”, Foreign Policy (2010), accessed February 8, 2014, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/05/20/turkeys_zero_problems_foreign_policy
  • Emre Erşen, “Türk Dış Politikasında Avrasya Yönelimi ve Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü (Eurasian Orientation in Turkish Foreign Policy and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization),” Ortadoğu Analiz 5 (2013): 19.
  • Meltem Müftüler Baç, “The European Union’s Accession Negotiations with Turkey from a Foreign Policy Perspective,” Journal of European Integration 30 (2008): 69.
  • Ibid., 71.
  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East: Peace-Building in the Periphery,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 11 (2009): 32 - 33.
  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey and Middle East Security,” (2005) accessed June 10, 2013 http://www.globalpolitician.com/2369-turkey
  • Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel, “NATO and Turkey …”, 542.
  • Jackson Diehl, “How WikiLeaks Cables Capture 21st-Century Turkey,” Washington Post, December 5, 2010.
  • Cüneyt Ülsever, “Bir Ahmet Davutoğlu Analizi (An Ahmet Davutoğlu Analysis),” Yurt Gazetesi, July 26, 2012.
  • Ali Bulaç “Kritiğe Muhtaç Dış Politika (A Foreign Policy in Need of A Critique),” Zaman Gazetesi, October 6, 2011.
  • Law No. 6441 Date of Adoption 26.02.2103, Official Gazette, No.28588, March 15, 2013.
  • Kadri Gürsel, “Davutoğlu’nun İnfilak Ederek Dağılması (Davutoglu’s Breakdown After Exploding with Rage),” Milliyet, July 8, 2012.
  • Soner Çagaptay, “The AKP's Foreign Policy: The Misnomer of Neo-Ottomanism,” Washington Institute Policy Analysis (2009), accessed April 3, 2013, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policyanalysis/view/the-akps-foreign-policy-the-misnomer-of-neo-ottomanism
  • Ibid.
  • Ian O Lesser , “Turkey’s Third Wave-And the Coming Quest for Strategic Reassurance,” (2011), accessed February 2, 2013, http://www.gmfus.org/wpcontent/blogs.dir/1/files_mf/1321550150_magicfields_attachment__1_1.pdf
  • Veysel Ayhan, “Türkiye-Suriye İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Dönem: Yüksek Düzeyli Stratejik İşbirliği Konseyi (A New Era in Turkey-Syria Relations: High Level Strategic Cooperation Council),” Orta Doğu Analiz 1 (2009): 32.
  • Henri J. Barkey, “Turkish–Iranian Competition after the Arab Spring,” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 54 (2012): 144.
  • Habertürk, November 10, 2010.
  • Karen Kaya, “Turkey - Iran’s Relations After Arab Spring,” Foreign Military Studies Office (2012), accessed May 16, 2013, http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/Turkey-Iran.pdf
  • Barkey, “Turkish–Iranian Competition after the Arab Spring,” 146.
  • Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East…,” 35-40.
  • Ahmet Davutoğlu,“Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007,” Insight Turkey 11 (2008):82
  • Ali Balcı and Nebi Miş, “Turkey’s Role in the Alliance of Civilizations: A New Perspective in Turkish Foreign Policy?,” Turkish Studies 9 (2008): 392.
  • Abdullah Gül, “Turkey’s Role in a Changing Middle East Environment,” Mediterranean Quarterly 15 (2004): 3.
  • Balcı and Miş, “Turkey’s Role in the Alliance of Civilizations…,” 400.

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 55 - 73, 01.06.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East: Peace-Building in the Periphery,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 11 (2009); Hakan Fidan, “A Work in Progress: The New Turkish Foreign Policy,” Middle East Policy 20 (2013).
  • Kemal Kirişçi, “The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State,” New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009); Mustafa Kutlay, “Economy as the ‘Practical Hand’ of ‘New Turkish Foreign Policy’: A Political Economy Explanation,” Insight Turkey 13 (2011).
  • Tarık Oğuzlu and Mustafa Kibaroğlu, “Is the Westernization Process Losing Pace in Turkey: Who’s to Blame?,” Turkish Studies 10 (2009); Lerna Yanık,“Constructing Turkish ‘Exceptionalism’: Discourse of Liminality and Hybridity in post-Cold War Turkish Foreign Policy,” Political Geography 30 (2011).
  • Meliha B. Altunışık and Lenore G. Martin, “Making Sense of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East under AKP,” Turkish Studies 12 (2011); Ahmet Sözen, “A Paradigm Shift in Turkish Foreign Policy: Transition and Challenges,” Turkish Studies 11 (2010); Ziya Öniş, “Multiple Faces of the ‘New’ Turkish Foreign Policy: Underlying Dynamics and a Critique,” Insight Turkey 13 (2011).
  • Güneş Murat Tezcür and Alexandru Grigorescu, “Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy: Balancing European and Regional Interests,” International Studies Perspectives 15 (2014).
  • Anthony Best, Jussi M. Hanimaki, Joseph A. Maiolo and Kirsten Schulz, International History of the Twentieth Century (New York: Routledge, 2006); Michael Cox, “From Cold War to the War on Terror,” in The Globalization of World Politics, ed. John Baylis and Steve Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
  • George Friedman, “Beyond the Post-Cold War,” Geopolitical Weekly (2013), accessed March 4, 2014, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/beyond-post-cold-war-world#axzz2VX3EXnM9 (Erişim: 04 Nisan 2013).
  • H. Burç Aka, Security Dimension of European Integration: In the Context of Changing International System (Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010), 88.
  • Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, “Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türk Dış Politikası (The New World Order and Turkish Foreign Policy),” in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 633.
  • Zbigniew Brezinski, “Büyük Satranç Tahtası: Amerika'nın Küresel Üstünlüğü ve Bunun Jeostratejik Gereklilikleri (The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives),” trans. Yelda Türedi (İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınları,2005), 26.
  • Henry Kissinger, “Diplomasi (Diplomacy)”, trans İbrahim H. Kurt (İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2006), 61.
  • The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paradigm.
  • Alper Taşdelen, “Dış Politikada Paradigma (Paradigm in Foreign Policy),” Radikal Gazetesi, June 15, 2012, accessed December 18, 2013, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yorum/dis_politikada_paradigma-1091187.
  • Mustafa Aydın, “Turkish Foreign Policy at the End of the Cold War: Roots and Dynamics,” Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 36 (2005): 4- 5.
  • For state centric foreign policy analysis, see George Modelski, A Theory of Foreign Policy, (London: Pall Mall Press, 1962); Kalevi J. Holsti, International Politics: A Framework for Analysis (4th Edition), (London: Prentice Hall, 1983); James N. Rosenau, “The Study of Foreign Policy,” in World Politics: An Introduction, ed. James N. Rosenau, Kenneth W. Thomson and Gavin Boyd (New York: Free Press, 1972). For non-state centric foreign policy analysis, see Martin Hollis and Steve Smith, Explaining and Understanding International Relations, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990); Richard W. Mansbach, The Global Puzzle, Issues and Actors In World Politics, (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000); Bruce Russet, Harvey Starr and David Kinsella, World Politics: The Menu For Choice (8th Edition), (Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006).
  • Modelski, A Theory of Foreign Policy.
  • Holsti, International Politics.
  • Rosenau, “The Study of Foreign Policy”.
  • Hans Morgenthau, “Politics Among Nations: The Struggle Power and Peace” New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967), 175 -187.
  • Charles O Jr. Learche and Abdul A. Said, Concept of International Politics, 2ndEdition (New Jersey: Prentince-Hall, 1970), 25.
  • “Official Text: The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1991.
  • Margaret Thatcher, “Speech to Czechoslovak Federal Assembly,” 1990, accessed April 24, 2013 http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/archive/files/thatcher-speech-9-18-90-9890abc557.pdf; William Jefferson Clinton “Assessing the United Nations at 50,” 1995, accessed April 24, 2013, http://www.defencelink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=993.
  • Amikam Nachmani, (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press 2003),1; William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 -2000, (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002)
  • Philip Robbins, “Turkish Foreign Policy Under Erbakan,” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 39 (1997): 97.
  • Baskın Oran, “Dönemin Bilançosu (An Accounting of An Era),” Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Vol. 2: 1980 – 2001 (Turkish Foreign Policy: From the Turkish War of Liberation to Today, Facts, Documents, Comments: 1980 - 2001) ed. Baskın Oran (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001), 210; William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 – 2000, (London: Franc Cass Publishers, 2002), 192; Nachmani, Turkey Facing A New Millennium: Coping with Intertwined Conflicts, 7.
  • Kemal Kirişçi, “Uluslararası Sistemde Değişmeler ve Türk Dış Politikasının Yeni Yönelimleri (Changes in the International System and New Directions in Turkish Foreign Policy), ” trans. Burak Gülboy in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 616. (“Changes in the International System and New Directions in Turkish Foreign Policy”)
  • Nasuh Uslu, Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Period, (New York: Nova Publishers, 2004), 4. H. Burç Aka
  • “Official Text: The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1991.
  • Sabri Sayarı, “Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism,” Journal of International Affairs 54 (2000): 173.
  • Şükrü Gürel, “A General Appraisal Of Current Turkish Foreign Policy” in Turkey at the Threshold of the 21th Century, ed. Mustafa Aydın (Ankara: International Relations Foundation, 1998), 12.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, “Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türk Dış Politikası,” 642.
  • Şükrü Elekdağ “2 1/2 Wars,” Perceptions 1 (1996), accessed May 20, 2013, http://sam.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/SukruElekdag.pdf.
  • See more details: Murhaf Jouejati, “Water Politics as High Politics: The Case of Turkey and Syria,”in Reluctant Neighbor: Turkey’s Role in the Middle East, ed. Henri J. Bakery (Washington: Institute of Peace Press, 1996).
  • Gülden Ayman and Nurşin Güney Ateşoğlu, “Değişen Uluslararası Koşullarda Strateji, Türkiye ve Komşuları (Strategy in the Changing International Conditions, Turkey and Its Neighbors), ” in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, ed. Faruk Sönmezoğlu (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998), 435.
  • Ayman and Ateşoğlu, “Değişen Uluslararası Koşullarda Strateji, Türkiye ve Komşuları,” 437 - 439.
  • John Tirman, “Improving Turkey's ‘Bad Neighborhood’ Pressing Ankara for Rights and Democracy,” World Policy Journal 15 (1998): 61.
  • Elekdağ “2 1/2 Wars,” 38.
  • Mümtaz Sosyal, “The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 41- 43.
  • Panayotis J. Tsakonas and Thanos P. Dokos “Greek-Turkish Relations in the Early Twenty-first Century: A View From Athens,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 107.
  • William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy 1774 – 2000, 288.
  • Ibid., 291.
  • Ibid., 287 - 295.
  • Mustafa Aydın “Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’yla İlişkiler (Relations With The Caucuses and Central Asia),” Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Vol. 2: 1980 – 2001, ed. Baskın Oran (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001), 432 – 433.
  • Necdet Pamir, “Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hattı’nda Son Durum (The Latest on the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Crude Oil Pipeline),” Panorama Dergisi 3 (2004): 5.
  • Ibid., 2.
  • “Türkiye’nin Enerji Stratejisi (Turkey’s Energy Strategy),” Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Policy, accessed August 15, 2013, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye_nin-enerji-stratejisi.tr.mfa.
  • Meltem Müftüler Baç, “Turkey’s Predicament in the Post-Cold War Era,” Futures 28 (1996): 257.
  • Beril Dedeoğlu, “Dünden Yarına Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri (The EU-Turkey Relations from Yesterday to Tomorrow),” Siyasa 1 (2005): 37 - 38. Beril Dedeoğlu,
  • “The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” NATO, 1999.
  • Zeynep Atikkan, “Amerikan Cinneti: 11 Eylül Amerika'yı Nasıl Değiştirdi? (The American Insanity: How Did September 11 Change America?),” (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2006).
  • Cengiz Çandar, “Turkish Foreign Policy and the War in Iraq,” in The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, ed. Leonere G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004), 51.
  • Ibid.
  • Ziya Öniş, “Turkey and the Middle East after September 11: The Importance of the EU Dimension,” Turkish Policy Quarterly 2 (2003): 5, accessed December 21, 2013, http://www.turkishpolicy.com/images/stories/2003-04-EUforeignpolicy/TPQ2003-4-onis.pdf.
  • Soli Özel, “Arap Baharı ile Ortadoğu’da Değişen Dış Politika Dengeleri (Changing Balances in Foreign Policy in the Middle East with the Arab Spring),” Perspectives 12 (2012): 60.
  • Karabekir Akkoyunlu, Kalypso Nicolaidis and Kerem Öktem, The Western Condition: Turkey, the U.S. and the EU in the New Middle East, (Oxford: South East European Studies at Oxford, 2013), 25.
  • Meltem Müftürler Baç, “Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: Institutional and Security Challenges,” Perceptions 9 (2004): 39.
  • Nathalie Tocci, “Let's talk Turkey! U.S. Influence on EU–Turkey Relations,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 25 (2012): 403.
  • Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel, “NATO and Turkey in the Post-Cold War World: Between Abandonment and Entrapment,” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 12 (2012): 542.
  • Prime Minister Erdogan stated that the EU will gain a bridge between itself and the 1.5 billion Islamic world with the accession of 99% Muslim Turkey to the EU. See Guardian, September 30, 2005.
  • Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkey's Zero-Problems Foreign Policy,”, Foreign Policy (2010), accessed February 8, 2014, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/05/20/turkeys_zero_problems_foreign_policy
  • Emre Erşen, “Türk Dış Politikasında Avrasya Yönelimi ve Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü (Eurasian Orientation in Turkish Foreign Policy and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization),” Ortadoğu Analiz 5 (2013): 19.
  • Meltem Müftüler Baç, “The European Union’s Accession Negotiations with Turkey from a Foreign Policy Perspective,” Journal of European Integration 30 (2008): 69.
  • Ibid., 71.
  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East: Peace-Building in the Periphery,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 11 (2009): 32 - 33.
  • Bülent Aras, “Turkey and Middle East Security,” (2005) accessed June 10, 2013 http://www.globalpolitician.com/2369-turkey
  • Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel, “NATO and Turkey …”, 542.
  • Jackson Diehl, “How WikiLeaks Cables Capture 21st-Century Turkey,” Washington Post, December 5, 2010.
  • Cüneyt Ülsever, “Bir Ahmet Davutoğlu Analizi (An Ahmet Davutoğlu Analysis),” Yurt Gazetesi, July 26, 2012.
  • Ali Bulaç “Kritiğe Muhtaç Dış Politika (A Foreign Policy in Need of A Critique),” Zaman Gazetesi, October 6, 2011.
  • Law No. 6441 Date of Adoption 26.02.2103, Official Gazette, No.28588, March 15, 2013.
  • Kadri Gürsel, “Davutoğlu’nun İnfilak Ederek Dağılması (Davutoglu’s Breakdown After Exploding with Rage),” Milliyet, July 8, 2012.
  • Soner Çagaptay, “The AKP's Foreign Policy: The Misnomer of Neo-Ottomanism,” Washington Institute Policy Analysis (2009), accessed April 3, 2013, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policyanalysis/view/the-akps-foreign-policy-the-misnomer-of-neo-ottomanism
  • Ibid.
  • Ian O Lesser , “Turkey’s Third Wave-And the Coming Quest for Strategic Reassurance,” (2011), accessed February 2, 2013, http://www.gmfus.org/wpcontent/blogs.dir/1/files_mf/1321550150_magicfields_attachment__1_1.pdf
  • Veysel Ayhan, “Türkiye-Suriye İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Dönem: Yüksek Düzeyli Stratejik İşbirliği Konseyi (A New Era in Turkey-Syria Relations: High Level Strategic Cooperation Council),” Orta Doğu Analiz 1 (2009): 32.
  • Henri J. Barkey, “Turkish–Iranian Competition after the Arab Spring,” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 54 (2012): 144.
  • Habertürk, November 10, 2010.
  • Karen Kaya, “Turkey - Iran’s Relations After Arab Spring,” Foreign Military Studies Office (2012), accessed May 16, 2013, http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/Turkey-Iran.pdf
  • Barkey, “Turkish–Iranian Competition after the Arab Spring,” 146.
  • Aras, “Turkey's Rise in the Greater Middle East…,” 35-40.
  • Ahmet Davutoğlu,“Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007,” Insight Turkey 11 (2008):82
  • Ali Balcı and Nebi Miş, “Turkey’s Role in the Alliance of Civilizations: A New Perspective in Turkish Foreign Policy?,” Turkish Studies 9 (2008): 392.
  • Abdullah Gül, “Turkey’s Role in a Changing Middle East Environment,” Mediterranean Quarterly 15 (2004): 3.
  • Balcı and Miş, “Turkey’s Role in the Alliance of Civilizations…,” 400.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

H. Burç AKA Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayınlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Bibtex @ { alternatives20903, journal = {Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations}, issn = {2146-0809}, eissn = {1303-5525}, address = {}, publisher = {Yalova Üniversitesi}, year = {2014}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {55 - 73}, doi = {10.21599/atjir.58812}, title = {Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War}, key = {cite}, author = {Aka, H. Burç} }
APA Aka, H. B. (2014). Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War . Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations , 13 (3) , 55-73 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/alternatives/issue/1694/20903
MLA Aka, H. B. "Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War" . Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 13 (2014 ): 55-73 <https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/alternatives/issue/1694/20903>
Chicago Aka, H. B. "Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War". Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 13 (2014 ): 55-73
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War AU - H. BurçAka Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 N1 - DO - T2 - Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 55 EP - 73 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 2146-0809-1303-5525 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2023 ER -
EndNote %0 Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War %A H. Burç Aka %T Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War %D 2014 %J Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations %P 2146-0809-1303-5525 %V 13 %N 3 %R %U
ISNAD Aka, H. Burç . "Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War". Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 13 / 3 (Haziran 2014): 55-73 .
AMA Aka H. B. Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations. 2014; 13(3): 55-73.
Vancouver Aka H. B. Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations. 2014; 13(3): 55-73.
IEEE H. B. Aka , "Paradigm Change in Turkish Foreign Policy After Post-Cold War", Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, c. 13, sayı. 3, ss. 55-73, Haz. 2014, doi:10.21599/atjir.58812