The political realism of Augustine and Morgenthau: Issues of Man, God, and just war

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 37 - 63, 16.02.2008

Bettina Dahl Soendergaard

Öz

Augustine and Morgenthau are examples of classical political realists who base their arguments on the nature of man. Both believe that man is born evil but they differ on the question if man can improve. Augustine also believes that the statesman has a moral purpose while Morgenthau believes that the consequences of man’s nature can only be counterbalanced. This difference is rooted in Morgenthau and Augustine’s different views of the meaning of peace. To Morgenthau, peace is power balance and stability and a permanent peace cannot be achieved. Augustine, however, describes two kinds of peace, the earthly peace and God’s peace. The article discusses these differences and how it impacts their views on moral and war. These different views have similarity with the different views that led to the Reformation in the 1500’s and their difference is as great. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

nature of man, realism, just war, Augustine, Morgenthau

Kaynakça

• Augustine [1957] 2000. City of God. Books I-III. Translated by William Chase Green.
• Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ------ [1963] 2002. City of God. Books IV-VII. Translated by William Chase Green.
• Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ------ [1968] 2003. City of God. Books VIII-XI. Translated by William Chase Green.
• Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ------ [1966] 1988. City of God. Books XII-XV. Translated by Philip Levine.
• Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ------ [1965] 1988. City of God. Books XVI-XVIII.35. Translated by E. M. Sanford and W. M. Green. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
• ------ [1960] 2001. City of God. Books XVIII.36-XX. Translated by William Chase Green. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
• ------ [1972] 1995. City of God. Books XXI-XXII. Translated by William M. Green.
• Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
• Buzan, Barry. 1993. The Logic of Anarchy - Neorealism to Structural Realism. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Heyking, John von. 2001. Augustine and Politics as Longing in the World. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
• Larsen, Bent Dalsgaard. 1989. Introduction to Om Guds Stad [City of God], Books 11-14, by Augustine. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
• ------. 1991. Introduction to Om Guds Stad [City of God], Books 15-18, by augustine. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
• ------. 1996. Introduction to Om Guds Stad [City of God], Books 19-22, by Augustine. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
• Loriaux, Michael. 1992. The Realists and Saint Augustine: Skepticism, Psychology, and Moral Action in International Relations Thought. International Studies Quarterly 36: 401- 420.
• McCracken, George E. [1957] 2000. Introduction to City of God, Books I-III, by Augustine. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
• Morgenthau, Hans J. 1946. Scientific Man vs. Power Politics. London: Latimer House Limited.
• ------. [1954] 1973. Politics Among Nations - The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Murray, A. J. H. 1996. The Moral Politics of Hans Morgenthau. The Review of Politics 59, no. 1: 81-107.
• Niebuhr, Reinhold. 1953. Augustine’s Political Realism. In The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr
• Selected Essays and Addresses, ed. Robert McAfee Brown, 123-141. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
• Waltz, K. N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading: Addison Wesley.
• ------. 1993. From Man, the State and War. In International Relations Theory, edited by Paul
• R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppi (New York: Macmillan). First published in American Defense Policy, 5th edited by J. F. Reichart and S. R. Sturm (New York: Columbia University Press, New York, 1954).
• Wisløff, Carl F. 1985. Martin Luthers teologi [Martin Luther’s theology]. Hillerød: Dansk Luthersk Forlag.
• Wæver, Ole. 1992. Introduktion to Studiet af International Politik [Introduction to the Study of International Politics]. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Political Studies Press.