Türkiye’de Konteyner Limanlarının Çıktı Odaklı Teknik Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Limanlar ve terminaller, dünya denizciliğinin ve küresel tedarik zincirlerinin tartışmasız biçimde kritik öneme sahip unsurlarıdır. Bu unsurlar uluslararası ticaretin kolaylaştırıcısı olmakla birlikte, aynı zamanda kritik bir darboğaz konumundadır. Limanların düşük etkinlikle çalışması, ana hat gemilerinin sefer programlarının gecikmesine ve demirleme alanlarındaki gemilerin sayısının artmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, limanların düşük operasyonel etkinliği, uluslararası tedarik zincirlerinin kesintisiz işlemesi önünde önemli bir engel oluşturmaktadır. Ek olarak, düşük etkinlik yakın coğrafi bölge içerisinde faaliyet gösteren limanların rekabetçi avantajlarını koruyamamalarına da neden olmaktadır. Düşük operasyonel etkinliğin başlıca nedenleri arasında liman ekipmanı ve teknoloji yetersizliği, rıhtım ve saha kapasitesi ile ilgili sorunlar, deneyimli operatör eksikliği sayılabilir. Konunun öneminden hareketle, bu çalışmada güncel veriler ışığında Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve konteyner elleçlemesi yapan 17 konteyner limanının çıktı odaklı toplam teknik verimliliği Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları, Asya Port, DP World Yarımca, SOCAR ve Assan Port limanlarının yüksek etkinlik seviyesinde çalıştığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deniz Taşımacılığı
• Liman Etkinliği
• Liman Performansı
• Veri Zarflama Analizi

Evaluating the Output-Oriented Technical Efficiency of Container Ports in Türkiye

Öz

Ports and terminals are indisputably critical components of global shipping and global supply chains. These components not only facilitate international trade but also constitute a critical bottleneck. Low operational efficiency in ports leads to delays in mainline vessels’ service schedules and an increase in the number of vessels waiting at anchorage areas. In this regard, low operational efficiency in ports represents a significant barrier to the uninterrupted functioning of international supply chains. Additionally, low efficiency prevents ports operating within the same geographical region from maintaining their competitive advantage. The main causes of low operational efficiency may include insufficient port equipment and technology, issues related to berth and yard capacity, and a shortage of experienced operators. In light of the importance of this issue and based on recent data, this study evaluates the output-oriented overall technical efficiency of 17 container-handling ports in Türkiye, employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The main findings of the research indicate that Asyaport, DP World Yarımca, SOCAR, and Assan Port operate at high efficiency levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maritime Transport
• Port Efficiency
• Port Performance
• Data Envelopment Analysis

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