Araştırma Makalesi

THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS

Cilt: 11 Sayı: Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE 27 Ağustos 2026
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THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS

Öz

The fortress walls of ancient Labrys (the Semibratneye settlement) near modern-day Anapa have become the most striking example of urban fortifications in the Northern Black Sea region during the Classical and Early Hellenistic periods. However, these defensive structures possess several unique features that prevent close parallels from being found and convincingly integrated into the evolutionary sequence of both Bosporan and Mediterranean Greek fortifications of the 5th-3rd centuries BC. These features include the distinctive tower design, which included removable walkways (ἴκρια) at the level of the battle gallery, extremely short curtain walls between them, and the presence of stone staircases attached to each open curtain wall. The closest analogies to the Labrys towers are found in another Bosporan city, Myrmekion (modern-day Kerch). Their obvious similarities suggest that the engineers of these fortifications belonged to the same school or tradition of construction. The dating of the Labrys and Myrmekion fortifications has long been the subject of debate. The dimensions of the Labrys and Myrmekion towers are similar to Greek towers of the late 5th to early 4th centuries BC, although similar towers are also found in later fortifications. Based on currently available data, the construction of the first walls at Labrys should be dated to the last quarter to the end of the 5th century BC. The Myrmekion city wall cannot be more than a few decades younger.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Vahoneev, V. V. (2021). Oboronitel'nye sooruzheniya bosporskogo goroda Akra, Bosporskie issledovaniya, 42, 42-64.
  2. Winter, F. E. (1971). Greek fortifications, Toronto: University of Toronto press.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

22 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE

Kaynak Göster

APA
Chistov, D. (2026). THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS. Amisos, 11(Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.1955434
AMA
1.Chistov D. THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS. Amisos. 2026;11(Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE):11-27. doi:10.48122/amisos.1955434
Chicago
Chistov, Dmitry. 2026. “THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS”. Amisos 11 (Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE): 11-27. https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.1955434.
EndNote
Chistov D (01 Ağustos 2026) THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS. Amisos 11 Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE 11–27.
IEEE
[1]D. Chistov, “THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS”, Amisos, c. 11, sy Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE, ss. 11–27, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.48122/amisos.1955434.
ISNAD
Chistov, Dmitry. “THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS”. Amisos 11/Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE (01 Ağustos 2026): 11-27. https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.1955434.
JAMA
1.Chistov D. THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS. Amisos. 2026;11:11–27.
MLA
Chistov, Dmitry. “THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS”. Amisos, c. 11, sy Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE, Ağustos 2026, ss. 11-27, doi:10.48122/amisos.1955434.
Vancouver
1.Dmitry Chistov. THE REMOVABLE WOODEN FLOORINGS (IKRIA) IN BOSPORAN MILITARY ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF LABRYS AND MYRMEKION TOWERS. Amisos. 01 Ağustos 2026;11(Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE Anısına Akademik Yazılar / Studies in Memory of Prof. Dr. Gocha R. TSETSKHLADZE):11-27. doi:10.48122/amisos.1955434

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