BEYİN GÖÇÜ POLİTİKALARI: DÜNYA'DAN VE TÜRKİYE'DEN ÖRNEKLER

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 326 - 361, 27.03.2025

İbrahim Ethem Akyıldız

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1531641

Abstract

Bu çalışma, beyin göçü alanında geliştirilen politikaları karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften ele almaktadır. Beyin göçü, gönderen ülkeler için bilgi ve yetenek kaybına yol açarken, kabul eden ülkeler için ekonomik büyüme, yenilikçilik ve küresel rekabet gücünü artırma fırsatları sunar. ABD, Almanya, İngiltere ve Kanada gibi ülkeler, nitelikli göçmenleri çekmek için kapsamlı politikalar uygularken, Çin ve Hindistan tersine beyin göçünü teşvik eden stratejilerle dikkat çekmektedir. Türkiye ise beyin göçünü tersine çevirmek amacıyla Kalkınma Planları, TOKTEN programı, TÜBİTAK destekleri ve Turkuaz Kart gibi sınırlı kapsamlı uygulamalar yürütmektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin mevcut politikalarının diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırıldığında yetersiz olduğunu ve daha etkili teşvik mekanizmalarına ihtiyaç duyduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Son olarak, beyin göçünün önlenmesi ve tersine çevrilmesi için Türkiye’nin uluslararası rekabet gücünü artıracak kapsamlı ve uzun vadeli stratejiler geliştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Beyin Göçü, Nitelikli Göç Politikaları, Türkiye’nin Beyin Göçü Politikaları

BRAIN DRAIN POLICIES: EXAMPLES FROM THE WORLD AND TURKEY

Abstract

This study examines policies developed in the field of brain drain from a comparative perspective. While brain drain leads to the loss of knowledge and skills for sending countries, it offers opportunities for economic growth, innovation, and enhanced global competitiveness for receiving countries. Countries such as the US, Germany, the UK, and Canada implement comprehensive policies to attract skilled migrants, whereas China and India stand out with strategies promoting reverse brain drain. Turkey, on the other hand, has introduced limited initiatives such as Development Plans, the TOKTEN program, TÜBİTAK support schemes, and the Turquoise Card to address brain drain. The study reveals that Turkey's current policies fall short compared to those of other countries and highlights the need for more effective incentive mechanisms. Lastly, it emphasizes the necessity for Turkey to develop comprehensive and long-term strategies to enhance its global competitiveness and effectively manage brain drain.

Keywords

Brain Drain, Skilled Migration Policies, Turkey

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