Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Enerji Verimliliği ve Geri Tepme Etkisinin Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 1989’dan 2018’e kadar olan dönem için iki stokastik sınır analizi yaklaşımı kullanılarak Afrika, Avrasya ve Ortadoğu bölgelerinde bulunan seçili 17 gelişmekte olan ülkenin göreceli toplam enerji verimliliğini araştırılmaktadır. Söz konusu sınır testlerinden ilkinde enerji talep fonksiyonu benimsenirken ikincisinde ise girdi mesafesi yaklaşımı kullanılmaktadır. İki aşamalı dinamik panel veri yaklaşımı kullanılarak paneldeki her ülke için hem enerji verimliliği performansı hem de geri tepme etkisi (Rebound Effect) karşılaştırmalı olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Analizden elde edilen bulgular, incelenen ülke grubundaki ortalama verimlilik skorunun yaklaşık %84 olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, hesaplanan ortalama geri tepme etkisinin, kısa vadede verimlilik iyileştirmelerinden elde edilen enerji tasarruflarının %50’sinden fazlasını bertaraf edebileceği yönündedir. Bu sonuçlar aslında gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde enerji talebini azaltmak için enerji verimliliğine ilişkin dikkate değer potansiyeli vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stokastik sınır analizi
• Enerji verimliliği
• Enerji talebi
• Geri tepme etkisi
• Gelişmekte olan ülkeler

An Analysis of the Energy Efficiency and Rebound Effect in Developing Countries

Öz

This study investigates the relative total energy efficiency of 17 selected developing countries, located in Africa, Eurasia and Middle East regions, using two stochastic frontier analysis methods between the period of 1989 and 2018. Initially, the energy demand function is adopted, while the input distance approach is used in the second boundary test. Using a two-stage dynamic panel data procedure, both the energy efficiency performance and rebound effect are estimated comparatively, for each country in the panel. Findings from the analysis show that the average efficiency score in the group of countries examined is approximately 84%. Additionally, the calculated average rebound effect could eliminate more than 50% of the energy savings from the efficiency improvements in the short term. These results actually highlight the significant potential for energy efficiency to lower energy demand in emerging economies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stochastic frontier analysis
• Energy efficiency
• Energy demand
• Rebound effect
• Developing countries

Kaynakça

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